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AUBF > RENAL FUNCTION (p1) > Flashcards

RENAL FUNCTION (p1) Flashcards

1
Q
  • Functional unit of the kidney
A

NEPHRONS

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2
Q

TYPES OF NEPHRONS:
- For Urine Concentration
- Longer loops of Henle
- Located at the MEDULLA of the kidney

A

JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRON

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3
Q

TYPES OF NEPHRONS:
- Removal of waste products
- Reabsorption of filled nutrients
- Located at the CORTEX part of the kidney

A

CORTICAL

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4
Q

KIDNEY is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones such as:
- regulate the RBC production

A

ERYTHROPOEITIN

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5
Q

KIDNEY is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones such as:
- For regulation of calcium and phosphate of the blood.

A

CALCITONIN

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6
Q

o 25% of the blood goes here
o Blood ENTERS the glomerulus
o Big tube = DECREASE blood flow and pressure

A

Afferent arterioles (RENAL ARTERY)

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6
Q
  • Maintains blood volume and pressure
  • Maintains balance of electrolyte
A

KIDNEY

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7
Q

o Blood LEAVES the glomerulus
o Small tube = INCREASE blood pressure and flow

A

Efferent arteriole

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8
Q
  • Provides immediate REABSORPTION OF ESSENTIAL SUBSTANCES
A

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES/PROXIMAL COVOLUTED TUBULE

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9
Q
  • Major exchange of water and salts take place
A

VASA RECTA/LOOPS OF HENLE

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10
Q
  • Final adjustment of the urinary composition
A

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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11
Q

Renal blood flow

A

1200 mL/min

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11
Q

RENAL VEIN:
- Average body size

A

1.73 m3 of surface

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12
Q

3 LAYERS OF GLOMERULUS

A

A. Capillary wall
B. Basement membrane
C. Bowman’s capsule inner layer

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13
Q

Renal plasma flow

A

600-700 L/mL

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14
Q
  • Located in Bowman’s capsule
  • Cellular structure
  • Hydrostatic and oncotic pressure
  • Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
A

GLOMERULUS

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15
Q

LAYERS OF GLOMERULUS:
➢ Endothelial cells have pores (fenestrated)
➢ Large molecules and cells are blocked

A

CAPILLARY WALLS

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16
Q

LAYERS OF GLOMERULUS
➢ Further restriction of large molecules

A

BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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17
Q

LAYERS OF GLOMERULUS:
➢ Intertwining podocytes
➢ Membrane covered filtration slits

A

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE INNER LAYER

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18
Q
  • Regulates blood flow
  • Responds to blood pressure and plasma sodium changes
A

RENIN-ANGIOTENSINE-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM (RAAS)

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19
Q
  • Initiates RAAS in response to blood pressure changes
  • Distal convoluted tubule
A

MACULA DENSA

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20
Q

▪ Afferent arteriole / efferent arteriole

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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21
Q

RAAS CASCADE:

A
  • Renin secreted by Juxtaglomerular cells
  • Angiotensinogen - blood substance
  • Angiotensin I ( passes through lungs )
  • Angiotensin (converting enzyme (ACR)
  • Angiotensin ll
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22
Q

An enzyme na mag combine sa angiotenogen

A

RENIN

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23
Q
  • RAAS is trigger ed if low forms of:
A

o Sodium
o Water retention
o Blood pressure

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24
Q
  • Composition
    o Ultrafiltrate of plasma
    o Same composition minus plasma protein, protein-based
    substances and cells
A

GLOMERULAR FILTRATE

25
Q

o Cellular energy and carrier proteins reduced for transport back
to blood
o Glucose, salts (Na is highest). Amino acids in proximal
convoluted tube
o Chloride in ascending loop of Henle

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

26
Q

o Controlled by substance concentration on sides of a membrane

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

27
Q

RENAL BLOOD FLOW:

A

> Afferent Arteriole (Renal Artery)
Efferent Arteriole
Peritubular Capillaries/Proximal
Convoluted Tubule
Vasa Recta/Loops of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Renal Vein

28
Q

Blood ENTERS the glomerulus

A

AFFERENT ARTERIOLE (RENAL ARTERY)

29
Q

Blood LEAVES the glomerulus

A

EFFERENT ARTERIOLE

30
Q

Provide immediate reabsorption of essential substances in the PCT

A

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES/PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

31
Q

Major exchange of WATER and SALT take place

A

VASA RECTA/LOOPS OF HENLE

32
Q

> Tuft of eight capillary lobes
Located in Bowman’s capsule
Nonselective filtration

A

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION

33
Q

Final adjustment of the urinary composition

A

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

34
Q

3 LAYERS OF GLOMERULUS

A
  1. CAPILLARY WALLS
  2. BASEMENT MEMBRANE (aka basal lamina)
  3. BOWMAN’S CAPSULE INNER LAYER
35
Q
  • Larger afferent and smaller efferent
  • Prevents decreased glomerular blood flow
A

LOW SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE

36
Q
  • Larger afferent and smaller efferent
  • Prevents decreased glomerular blood flow
A

HIGH SYSTEMIC BLOOD PRESSURE

37
Q

GLOMERULAR FILTRATE
-NORMAL

A

120mL/min of filtrate

38
Q

ULTRAFILTARTE SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

A

1.010

39
Q
  • Cellular energy and carrier proteins needed for
    transport back to the blood
  • Glucose, salts (Na is highest), amino acids in
    proximal convoluted
  • tubule
  • Chloride in ascending loop of Henle
A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

39
Q

 Controlled by substance concentration gradients on
the sides of a membrane
 Water reabsorption occurs throughout the nephron
 Exception is the ascending loop of Henle
 Accompanies high amount of sodium
reabsorption in PCT
 Urea in PCT and ascending loop of Henle
 Sodium in the ascending loop of Henle

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

40
Q

TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
substance: GLUC, AMINO ACIDS< SALTS
location: proximal convoluted tubule

  • ACTIVE TRANSPORT OR PASSIVE TRANSPORT?
A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT OR PASSIVE TRANSPORT

41
Q

TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
Substance: CHLORIDE
Location: Ascending loop of Henle

  • ACTIVE TRANSPORT OR PASSIVE TRANSPORT?
A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

42
Q

TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
substance: SODIUM
location: DISTAL convoluted tubule

  • PASSIVE OR ACTIVE TRANSPORT?
A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

43
Q

TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
substance: WATER
location: proximal convoluted tubule, Descending loop of Henle, and collecting tubules

  • ACTIVE TRANSPORT OR PASSIVE TRANSPORT?
A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

44
Q

TUBULAR REABSORPTION:
substance: UREA
location: proximal convoluted tubule & ascending loop of Henle

  • ACTIVE TRANSPORT OR PASSIVE TRANSPORT?
A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

45
Q

ANGIOTENSIN
* INACTIVE FORM

A

ANGIOTENSIN 1

46
Q

ANGIOTENSIN
* ACTIVE FORM

A

ANGIOTENSIN 2

47
Q
  • release of aldosterone and
    ADH, vasoconstriction, corrects renal blood flow
A

ANGIOTENSIN 2

48
Q

TUBULAR CONCENTRATION:
> Passive reabsorption of water into the highly concentrated medulla

A

DESCENDING LOOP OF HENLE

49
Q

TUBULAR CONCENTRATION:
 Walls are impervious to water
 Chloride actively reabsorbed
 Sodium passively reabsorbed

A

ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE

50
Q

TUBULAR CONCENTRATION:
 Maintains concentration in the medulla
 Medulla is diluted by the water from the descending loop
 Reconcentrated by sodium and chloride from the filtrate
in the ascending loop

A

COUNTERCURRENT MECHANISM

51
Q

 Aldosterone-controlled Na reabsorption if needed by the
body

A

DCT

52
Q

Collecting Duct Reabsorption:
o Water reabsorption controlled by ADH in response to body hydration

A

FINAL FILTRATE CONCENTRATION

53
Q

Collecting Duct Reabsorption:
o Controls permeability of DCT and CT walls to water
o Amount of ADH produced

A

ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE

54
Q

↑Body Hydration = ?

A

↓ADH = ↑Urine Volume

55
Q

↓Body Hydration = ?

A

↓Urine Volume

56
Q
  • Eliminates nonfiltered wastes
A

TUBULAR SECRETION

57
Q

TUBULAR SECRETION:
- Filtrate to blood

A

REABSORPTION

58
Q

TUBULAR SECRETION:
- Blood to fltrate

A

SECRETION

59
Q

ACID-BASE BALANCE:
 Secretion of H+ prevents excretion of HCO3-
 Filtered bicarbonate is returned to the plasma

A

BICARBONATE

60
Q

ACID-BASE BALANCE:
 Small hydrogen ions are readily reabsorbed and may need to be excreted
 Excess hydrogen ions not required to return filtered bicarbonate are excreted as H2PO4

A

PHOSPHATE

61
Q

ACID-FAST BALANCE:
- (NH) is produced and secreted by the DCT
 H+ combines to form NH4+ that cannot be reabsorbed
 Additional ammonia is produced from the metabolism of
glutamine in the PCT

A

AMMONIA

AUBF (7 decks)

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