RENAL DISEASE

Question 1

ETIOLOGY:
Cellular proliferation affects the
capillary walls or the glomerular
basement membrane, possibly immune-mediated

Answer 1

MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 2

ETIOLOGY:
Marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders

Answer 2

CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 3

SIGNIFICANT TESTS FOR CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS:

Answer 3

BUN, SERUM, CREATININE, eGFR, ELECTROLYTES

Question 4

ETIOLOGY:
Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increased levels of serum, IgA

Answer 4

IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY (BERGER’S DISEASE)

Question 5

ETIOLOGY:
Disruption of the shield of negativity and damage to the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of protein and lipids

Answer 5

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Question 6

SIGNIFICANT TESTS FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME:

Answer 6

Serum albumin, Cholesterol, Triglycerides

Question 7

ETIOLOGY:
Disruption of the podocytes occurs primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations

Answer 7

MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE (LIPID NEPHROSIS)

Question 8

ETIOLOGY:
Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and AIDS

Answer 8

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS

Question 9

ETIOLOGY:
Damage to renal tubular cells caused by ischemia or toxic agents

Answer 9

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

Question 10

ETIOLOGY:
Inherited in association with cystinosis and Hartnup disease of acquired through exposure to toxic agents

Answer 10

FANCONI SYNDROME

Question 11

ETIOLOGY:
Genetic disorder showing lamellated and thinning glomerular basement membrane

Answer 11

ALPORT’S SYNDROME

Question 12

ETIOLOGY:
Inherited defect of tubular response to ADH or acquired from medications

Answer 12

NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS

Question 13

TYPE OF NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS:
- Failure of tubules to respond to
antidiuretic hormone (ADH), inherited sex-linked recessive or lithium and amphotericin B
exposure, polycystic kidneys and sickle cell
anemia

Answer 13

NEPHROGENIC

Question 14

TYPE OF NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS:
- Failure to produce ADH

Answer 14

NEUROGENIC

Question 15

ETIOLOGY:
Inherited autosomal recessive trait
Other significant test: Blood Glucose

Answer 15

RENAL GLYCOSURIA

Question 16

• Formerly Tamm-Horsfal protein was the only protein produced by the kidney
• Inherited disorder that results in an abnormal buildup of uromodulin in the
  tubular cells causing their destruction

Answer 16

UROMODULIN-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY
DISEASES (UMKD)

Question 17

ETIOLOGY:
Infection of the renal tubules and interstitium related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine form the bladder

Answer 17

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 18

ETIOLOGY:
Recurrent infection of the renal tubules and interstitium caused by structural abnormalities affecting the flow of urine

Answer 18

CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 19

ETIOLOGY:
Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to certain medications

Answer 19

ACUTE INSTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS

Question 20

o Decreased blood pressure/cardiac output
o Hemorrhage
o Burns
o Surgery
o Septicemia

Answer 20

PRE-RENAL

Question 21

o Acute glomerulonephritis
o Acute tubular necrosis
o Acute pyelonephritis
o Acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 21

RENAL

Question 22

o Renal calculi
o Tumors
o Crystallization of ingested substances

Answer 22

POST-RENAL

Question 23

 Progression from original disorders to end-stage renal disease
 GFR <25 mL/min, 11 BUN and creatinine levels, electrolyte imbalance, isosthenuria, proteinuria, renal gycosuria; 1 granular, waxy, broad casts

Answer 23

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

Question 24

 Sudden onset, often reversible
 Decreased blood flow (prerenal), acute disease (renal), renal calculi and tumors (postrenal)

Answer 24

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

Question 25

 Renal calculi (kidney stones) in calyces and pelvis of kidney, ureters, bladder
 Staghorn, round and smooth, barely seen
 Severe back pain radiating from lower back to legs when passing

Answer 25

RENAL LITHIASIS