RENAL DISEASE Flashcards
ETIOLOGY:
Cellular proliferation affects the
capillary walls or the glomerular
basement membrane, possibly immune-mediated
MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
ETIOLOGY:
Marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders
CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
SIGNIFICANT TESTS FOR CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS:
BUN, SERUM, CREATININE, eGFR, ELECTROLYTES
ETIOLOGY:
Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increased levels of serum, IgA
IMMUNOGLOBULIN A NEPHROPATHY (BERGER’S DISEASE)
ETIOLOGY:
Disruption of the shield of negativity and damage to the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of protein and lipids
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
SIGNIFICANT TESTS FOR NEPHROTIC SYNDROME:
Serum albumin, Cholesterol, Triglycerides
ETIOLOGY:
Disruption of the podocytes occurs primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations
MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE (LIPID NEPHROSIS)
ETIOLOGY:
Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and AIDS
FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS
ETIOLOGY:
Damage to renal tubular cells caused by ischemia or toxic agents
ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
ETIOLOGY:
Inherited in association with cystinosis and Hartnup disease of acquired through exposure to toxic agents
FANCONI SYNDROME
ETIOLOGY:
Genetic disorder showing lamellated and thinning glomerular basement membrane
ALPORT’S SYNDROME
ETIOLOGY:
Inherited defect of tubular response to ADH or acquired from medications
NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS
TYPE OF NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS:
- Failure of tubules to respond to
antidiuretic hormone (ADH), inherited sex-linked recessive or lithium and amphotericin B
exposure, polycystic kidneys and sickle cell
anemia
NEPHROGENIC
TYPE OF NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS:
- Failure to produce ADH
NEUROGENIC
ETIOLOGY:
Inherited autosomal recessive trait
Other significant test: Blood Glucose
RENAL GLYCOSURIA
- Formerly Tamm-Horsfal protein was the only protein produced by the kidney
- Inherited disorder that results in an abnormal buildup of uromodulin in the
tubular cells causing their destruction
UROMODULIN-ASSOCIATED KIDNEY
DISEASES (UMKD)
ETIOLOGY:
Infection of the renal tubules and interstitium related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine form the bladder
ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
ETIOLOGY:
Recurrent infection of the renal tubules and interstitium caused by structural abnormalities affecting the flow of urine
CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
ETIOLOGY:
Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to certain medications
ACUTE INSTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
o Decreased blood pressure/cardiac output
o Hemorrhage
o Burns
o Surgery
o Septicemia
PRE-RENAL
o Acute glomerulonephritis
o Acute tubular necrosis
o Acute pyelonephritis
o Acute interstitial nephritis
RENAL
o Renal calculi
o Tumors
o Crystallization of ingested substances
POST-RENAL
Progression from original disorders to end-stage renal disease
GFR <25 mL/min, 11 BUN and creatinine levels, electrolyte imbalance, isosthenuria, proteinuria, renal gycosuria; 1 granular, waxy, broad casts
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Sudden onset, often reversible
Decreased blood flow (prerenal), acute disease (renal), renal calculi and tumors (postrenal)
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
