Urine

Question 1

Why might someone need to provide a urine sample?

Answer 1

• To rule out repeated UTI (Urinary Tract Infection).

Question 2

What is the purpose of using boric acid in urine specimens?

Answer 2

• Boric acid is used to maintain an accurate colony count in urine specimens during bacterial culture.

Question 3

What is the recommended specimen choice for bacterial culture in urine?

Answer 3

• The specimen of choice for bacterial culture in urine is a “clean catch midstream” sample.

Question 4

When would catheterization be recommended for obtaining a urine specimen?

Answer 4

• Catheterization is recommended for obtaining a urine specimen
• In cases where the individual is unable to void naturally.

Question 5

In what situation would a suprapubic urine sample be collected for anaerobic culture?

Answer 5

• A suprapubic urine sample is collected for anaerobic culture
• When specific anaerobic bacteria need to be isolated and cultured from the urine.

Question 6

What type of urine specimen is typically used for molecular studies like PCR?

Answer 6

• The first morning urine is usually requested for molecular studies like PCR.

Question 7

What is the usual request for a urine specimen to rule out a UTI?

Answer 7

• The usual request is for a “CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY” test to rule out a UTI.

Question 8

What is the primary cause of UTIs, and what type of microorganism is it?

Answer 8

• The #1 cause of UTIs is E. coli, which is a gram-negative rod and is part of the normal gastrointestinal flora.

Question 9

Which microorganism is commonly associated with UTIs in young females?

Answer 9

• UTIs in young females are commonly associated with S. saprophyticus.

Question 10

In which group of individuals is UTI often seen in association with catheters, and which microorganism may be responsible in these cases?

Answer 10

• UTIs are often seen in elderly women with catheters
• Klebsiella, a family member of E. coli (ENTEROBACTERIA), can be a potential cause.

Question 11

What is the purpose of using a calibrated loop in urine colony count?

Answer 11

• The calibrated loop (1-10 µl) is used to determine the number of colonies per milliliter (ml) of urine during UTI diagnosis.

Question 12

Why is dilution factor computation necessary after performing the colony count procedure?

Answer 12

• Dilution factor computation is necessary to accurately calculate the concentration of colonies in the urine sample.

Question 13

What is the significance of considering the UTI based on the colony count of MHA?

Answer 13

• The colony count of MHA (MacConkey Agar) is considered to diagnose urinary tract infections (UTIs) • Because it helps identify the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the urine.

Question 14

Is manual counting the preferred method for colony counting in this context?

Answer 14

• Yes, manual counting using a colony counter is typically the preferred method for accurately

Question 15

What is the formula for calculating the colony count per milliliter of urine?

Answer 15

• Number of colonies counted × Dilution factor = Colony count/ml of urine.

Question 16

How is the dilution factor determined when using a 1 μl loop for urine culture?

Answer 16

• When using a 1 μl loop, the dilution factor is 1000.

Question 17

What is the dilution factor when a 10 μl loop is used for urine culture?

Answer 17

• The dilution factor is 100 when a 10 μl loop is used.

Question 18

When is a urinary tract infection (UTI) considered to be present based on the colony count?

Answer 18

• A UTI is considered if there are more than a hundred thousand colonies present in the urine culture.