RECEIVING OF SPECIMEN NOTES BACTERIOLOGY

Question 1

What is the purpose of culturing different kinds of specimens in bacteriology?

Answer 1

• The purpose of culturing different kinds of specimens in bacteriology is to identify the specimen and detect the presence of bacteria within it.

Question 2

When is it recommended to collect specimens for species identification?

Answer 2

• Specimens should be collected during the ACUTE PHASE OF ILLNESS, ideally within 72 hours of treatment initiation to ensure species recovery.

Question 3

What precautions should be taken during specimen collection for the identification of species?

Answer 3

• ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE should be observed, and collection containers must be properly labeled and sterile.

Question 4

Volume of specimen should be collected under identification of species?

Answer 4

• An ADEQUATE AMOUNT of the specimen must be collected for accurate identification.

Question 5

What is the time frame for transporting collected samples under the topic of identification of species?

Answer 5

• Collected samples should be TRANSPORTED WITHOUT DELAY within 30 minutes to 2 hours to maintain specimen integrity.

Question 6

What should be considered during the processing of collected samples under identification of species?

Answer 6

• During sample processing, it’s essential to OBSERVE A LEVEL OF PRIORITIZATION to ensure efficient identification and analysis.

Question 7

What is the highest priority for specimen prioritization?

Answer 7

• Critical and invasive specimens like CSF, amniotic fluid, blood, pericardial fluid, and heart valves are given the highest priority.

Question 8

Which type of specimens falls under the “UNPRESERVED” category?

Answer 8

• Specimens like feces, sputum, and wound drainage are categorized as “UNPRESERVED.”

Question 9

When is quantitation required in specimen processing under prioritization of specimen?

Answer 9

• Quantitation is required for specimens like catheter tips, urine, and tissues.

Question 10

What category includes preserved specimens? (topic of prioritization of specimen)

Answer 10

• Preserved specimens are those like urine, feces, and swabs in holding media.

Question 11

Which specimens are processed in a batch?

Answer 11

• Sputum and AFB culture specimens are processed in batches.

Question 12

What is the purpose of a lumbar tap collection?

Answer 12

• Lumbar tap collection is typically done to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 13

Why is colony counting used in urine culture and sensitivity tests?

Answer 13

• Culture and sensitivity tests is used to diagnose or rule out urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Question 14

What is the role of boric acid in urine preservation?

Answer 14

• Boric acid is used as a preservative in urine samples

Question 15

Why would a blood culture be requested?

Answer 15

• A blood culture is requested to rule out bacteremia and septicemia

Question 16

How is bacteremia different from septicemia?

Answer 16

• Bacteremia refers to the presence of bacteria in the blood.
• While septicemia is a more severe condition where the number of bacteria in the blood is overwhelming

Question 17

Why is it essential to perform a blood culture to detect blood pathogens?

Answer 17

• Blood cultures are crucial because they help identify potential pathogens present in the bloodstream

Question 18

What should a blood specimen ideally not contain during a blood culture test?

Answer 18

• A blood specimen should ideally not contain normal flora or contaminants.

Question 19

Which bacterial pathogen is often associated with community-acquired UTIs and can also be detected in the blood?

Answer 19

• E. coli is frequently associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Can also be detected in the blood.

Question 20

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa considered a normal flora of the body?

Answer 20

• No, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not considered a normal flora of the body

Question 21

Which bacterium, although part of the normal flora in some areas of the body, is considered the most common cause of sepsis?

Answer 21

• Staphylococcus aureus, despite being part of the normal flora in the anterior nares (nostrils)

Question 22

What is the purpose of cleansing the phlebotomy site prior to blood collection?

Answer 22

• The purpose of cleansing the phlebotomy site before blood collection
• To prevent contaminants or normal flora from entering the blood culture.

Question 23

What percentage of alcohol is typically used for site cleansing before blood culture?

Answer 23

• 70-95% alcohol is commonly used for site cleansing before blood culture.

Question 24

What is the recommended sequence for cleansing the phlebotomy site before blood collection?

Answer 24

• The recommended sequence is to perform an iodine scrub
• Followed by an alcohol rinse before blood collection.

Question 25

What are some common contaminants listed under purpose of blood culture?

Answer 25

• Viridans (Staphylococcus)
• S. epidermidis
• P. acnes (Cutibacterium acnes)

Question 26

What is the result of diluting blood to a ratio of 1:10 with media?

Answer 26

• The blood is diluted to a ratio of 1 part blood to 10 parts media.

Question 27

How long does it typically take for routine blood culture to detect Brucellosis?

Answer 27

• 3-4 weeks

Question 28

Are there specific categories of Brucellosis based on blood specimens?

Answer 28

• Yes, Brucellosis has four types based on blood specimens, including

B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, and B. melitensis.

Question 29

What type of test is used for rapid detection of Brucellosis?

Answer 29

• The rapid test used for detecting Brucellosis is the SAT (Serum Agglutination Test).

Question 30

What is a common symptom of Brucellosis in humans?

Answer 30

• Brucellosis in humans often causes a febrile disease
• Characterized by fever that comes and goes, known as remittent fever.

Question 31

What is the typical timeframe for culturing Leptospirosis?

Answer 31

• Leptospirosis is usually not cultured after 8 weeks.

Question 32

How many gold standard detection methods use in Leptospira

Answer 32

2

Question 33

What does “MAT” stand for

Answer 33

• “MAT” stands for Microscopic Agglutination Test.
• Heat killed leptospira

Question 34

What are the two types of antigens used in the “MAT” test for Leptospirosis detection?

Answer 34

• The “MAT” test uses both Macroscopic (heat-killed leptospira)
• Microscopic (LIVE leptospira) antigens for detection.

Question 35

What is the purpose of the “SERO” test in Leptospirosis detection?

Answer 35

• The “SERO” test is used to rapidly detect antibodies in the serum of the patient