RECEIVING OF SPECIMEN NOTES BACTERIOLOGY Flashcards
What is the purpose of culturing different kinds of specimens in bacteriology?
• The purpose of culturing different kinds of specimens in bacteriology is to identify the specimen and detect the presence of bacteria within it.
When is it recommended to collect specimens for species identification?
• Specimens should be collected during the ACUTE PHASE OF ILLNESS, ideally within 72 hours of treatment initiation to ensure species recovery.
What precautions should be taken during specimen collection for the identification of species?
• ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE should be observed, and collection containers must be properly labeled and sterile.
Volume of specimen should be collected under identification of species?
• An ADEQUATE AMOUNT of the specimen must be collected for accurate identification.
What is the time frame for transporting collected samples under the topic of identification of species?
• Collected samples should be TRANSPORTED WITHOUT DELAY within 30 minutes to 2 hours to maintain specimen integrity.
What should be considered during the processing of collected samples under identification of species?
• During sample processing, it’s essential to OBSERVE A LEVEL OF PRIORITIZATION to ensure efficient identification and analysis.
What is the highest priority for specimen prioritization?
• Critical and invasive specimens like CSF, amniotic fluid, blood, pericardial fluid, and heart valves are given the highest priority.
Which type of specimens falls under the “UNPRESERVED” category?
• Specimens like feces, sputum, and wound drainage are categorized as “UNPRESERVED.”
When is quantitation required in specimen processing under prioritization of specimen?
• Quantitation is required for specimens like catheter tips, urine, and tissues.
What category includes preserved specimens? (topic of prioritization of specimen)
• Preserved specimens are those like urine, feces, and swabs in holding media.
Which specimens are processed in a batch?
• Sputum and AFB culture specimens are processed in batches.
What is the purpose of a lumbar tap collection?
• Lumbar tap collection is typically done to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Why is colony counting used in urine culture and sensitivity tests?
• Culture and sensitivity tests is used to diagnose or rule out urinary tract infections (UTIs).
What is the role of boric acid in urine preservation?
• Boric acid is used as a preservative in urine samples
Why would a blood culture be requested?
• A blood culture is requested to rule out bacteremia and septicemia
How is bacteremia different from septicemia?
• Bacteremia refers to the presence of bacteria in the blood.
• While septicemia is a more severe condition where the number of bacteria in the blood is overwhelming
Why is it essential to perform a blood culture to detect blood pathogens?
• Blood cultures are crucial because they help identify potential pathogens present in the bloodstream
What should a blood specimen ideally not contain during a blood culture test?
• A blood specimen should ideally not contain normal flora or contaminants.
Which bacterial pathogen is often associated with community-acquired UTIs and can also be detected in the blood?
• E. coli is frequently associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Can also be detected in the blood.
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa considered a normal flora of the body?
• No, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not considered a normal flora of the body
Which bacterium, although part of the normal flora in some areas of the body, is considered the most common cause of sepsis?
• Staphylococcus aureus, despite being part of the normal flora in the anterior nares (nostrils)
What is the purpose of cleansing the phlebotomy site prior to blood collection?
• The purpose of cleansing the phlebotomy site before blood collection
• To prevent contaminants or normal flora from entering the blood culture.
What percentage of alcohol is typically used for site cleansing before blood culture?
• 70-95% alcohol is commonly used for site cleansing before blood culture.
What is the recommended sequence for cleansing the phlebotomy site before blood collection?
• The recommended sequence is to perform an iodine scrub
• Followed by an alcohol rinse before blood collection.
What are some common contaminants listed under purpose of blood culture?
• Viridans (Staphylococcus)
• S. epidermidis
• P. acnes (Cutibacterium acnes)
What is the result of diluting blood to a ratio of 1:10 with media?
• The blood is diluted to a ratio of 1 part blood to 10 parts media.
How long does it typically take for routine blood culture to detect Brucellosis?
• 3-4 weeks
Are there specific categories of Brucellosis based on blood specimens?
• Yes, Brucellosis has four types based on blood specimens, including
B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, and B. melitensis.
What type of test is used for rapid detection of Brucellosis?
• The rapid test used for detecting Brucellosis is the SAT (Serum Agglutination Test).
What is a common symptom of Brucellosis in humans?
• Brucellosis in humans often causes a febrile disease
• Characterized by fever that comes and goes, known as remittent fever.
What is the typical timeframe for culturing Leptospirosis?
• Leptospirosis is usually not cultured after 8 weeks.
How many gold standard detection methods use in Leptospira
2
What does “MAT” stand for
• “MAT” stands for Microscopic Agglutination Test.
• Heat killed leptospira
What are the two types of antigens used in the “MAT” test for Leptospirosis detection?
• The “MAT” test uses both Macroscopic (heat-killed leptospira)
• Microscopic (LIVE leptospira) antigens for detection.
What is the purpose of the “SERO” test in Leptospirosis detection?
• The “SERO” test is used to rapidly detect antibodies in the serum of the patient
