Urination Flashcards
What are the 3 main functions of the urinary system mentioned in class?
1) Control ware loss
2) regulate ion loss and pH
3) eliminate waste
What is urea? Your body creates urea as a way to get rid of what toxic compound? That compound comes from the digestion of which 4 major classes of macromolecules?
Less toxic chemical converted from amine. Urea is used to get rid of amonin. The toxic compound that comes from the digestion of protein, amino acids, amino, and ammonia.
What is main functional unit of the kidney? (That is, the unit that does most of the kidney’s functions? It starts at Bowman’s capsule and ends at the distal tubual)?
Nephrons
What are the 3 phases of urine production?
1) glomerular filtration= water and solutes from blood into Bowman’s capsule
2) tubular reabsorption= water & desirable solutes back into blood
3) tubular secretion= undesirable solutes from blood into urine
What is the endothelium? What is its function? What is albumin, and why do doctors monitor its presence in the urine when testing for kidney damage?
All the blood vessels in the nephron lined with an epithelial tissue. Allows fluid & solutes through but not big molecules. Albumin is a class of proteins, and doctors monitor it because it is an indication that there is high blood pressure, chemicals, and infections that damage the endothelium, increasing life size and allowing more albumin through.
Where does filtrate enter the nephron?
From the blood in the glomerulus.
What pressure pushes plasma from the glomerulus into the nephron?
Glomerular pressure (GHP)
What are the two pressure that push back against filtrate trying to enter the nephron?
CHP and PCOP
What are tubular reabsorption and secretion? In tubular reabsorption, is the body moving things from the blood into the filtrate inside the nephron, or from the filtrate into the blood? How about tubular secretion?
Reabsorption=from filtrate to blood
Secretion= from blood to filtrate
What happens to the concentration of the filtrate as it passes through the proximal tubule and the descending limb of the loop of Henle become more concentrated or less concentrated as the limb descends?
It gets more concentrated. As it goes into the descending limb it becomes more dilute because water is taken from the outside of the nephron. The fluid around the nephron become salty as it descends and less salty as it ascends.
What happens to the concentration of the filtrate as it passes through the ascending limb of the loop of henle and the distal tubule? Why?
The concentration of the filtrate becomes more concentrated because the ascending limb and the distal tubule are both impermeable to water,
During the formation of concentrated urine: what hormone trigger formation of concentrated permeability of the nephron to water? In what part of the nephron does the permeability change? How does this lead to concentration of the urine?
ADH; permeability changes from the descending to ascending loop of henle.
