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A&P Lecture > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ovaries and what is their function?

A

They are the part of the female reproductive system where the eggs are held. They do oogenesis and hormone secretion of estrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

What are the oviducts and what is their function?

A

They are the tubes in which the egg travels to the uterus

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3
Q

What is the uterus and what is its function?

A

An muscular organism that is made of several layers, the inner layer is the endometrium and it is the place where an embryo grows.

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4
Q

What is the vagina and what is its function?

A

The tube between the uterus and vulva. It is acidic so as to be anti-microbial.

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5
Q

What is the vulva and its function?

A

External urogenital opening, surrounds openings to vagina and urethra. It acts as a protective barrier and entry way.

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6
Q

What is another name for the oviduct?

A

Fallopian tubes

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7
Q

What are the fundus and cervix of the uterus?

A

The fundus is the big part of the uterus and the cervix is the neck of their uterus

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8
Q

What is the endometrium and what is its function?

A

The lining of the uterus that is rich in blood for a zygote to attach

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9
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Includes a developing egg (an oocyte) surrounded by follicle Cells, ovulation is the release of the oocyte from the follicles the follicle becomes the hormone-secreting corpus luteum after ovulation, that begins before birth and only truly ends after fertilization.

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10
Q

What is an ovum?

A

An egg

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11
Q

What is the relationship and differences between a follicle and an ovum?

A

An ovum is just the egg but the follicle is the egg plus all of the tissue and little cells surrounding the egg.

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12
Q

What is menstruation?

A

When the endothelium lining and the egg are shed out of the uterus

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13
Q

What is happening during the menstrual part of the cycle?

A

About 20 follicles continúe restarted development, endometrium sloughs off, FSH stimulates follicles. Progesterone drops and stimulates menstrual bleeding.

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14
Q

What happens during the preovulatoru stage?

A

One follicle becomes dominant, while others degenerate. Endometrium begins regeneration. The dormant follicle secretes estrogen. Estrogen inhibits FSH, causing degeneration of other follicles. Estrogen also stimulate repair of endometrium. LH spurs growth of dominant follicl.

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15
Q

What is happening during the ovulation stage?

A

Follicle Busts, releases oocyte

Continued endometrial regeneration

Ovulation caused by spikes in LH AND FSH a day or two before follicle ruptures

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16
Q

What is happening during the post- ovulatory stage.

A

Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum. Corpus luteum degenerates by day 28 in absence of fertilization. At about day 2w more follicles resume development for next cycle

Continued endometrial development for possible implantation.

Corpus Luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone. As CL degenerates, loss of progesterone causes menstruation.

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17
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Endometrium in abdominal cavity still responding to men steal cycle

18
Q

Where do the sperm and the oocyte usually meet?

A

In the uterus?

19
Q

How many days can sperm survive inside a woman?

A

48 hours or 2 days

20
Q

What are the 2 layers that a sperm must penetrate in order to get to the oocyte?

A

The corona radiata and the zona pellucida

21
Q

What is the ZP3 protein, where is it, and what effect does it have on sperm?

A

A protein in the oocyte that the sperm binds with in the zona pellucida. It opens acrosome, which allows sperm to digest way in to the oocyte

22
Q

What is polyspermy? What are the fast and slow blocks to polyspermy?

A

Multiple speed fertilizing the egg.
Fast block= oocyte depolarizers preventing more sperm from fusing with the oocyte membrane

Slow block= depolarization releases Ca2+ to turn off ZP3 and harden zona pellucida

23
Q

What hormone mentioned in class does the zygote produce and why?

A

hCG= preserves the corpus luteum

24
Q

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Attachment in the oviduct, abdominal cavity, or cervix

25
Q

What are stem cells? What is the difference between totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent stem cells?

A

Cells that develop into something else.

Totipotent= can become anything
Pluripotent= can become many things, but not everything
Multipotenet= develop into specific types of cells
26
Q

Birth control pills are am artificial form of what hormone? How do the pills prevent pregnancy? The pills fool a woman’s body into thinking she is what stage of the reproductive cycle?

A

Progesterone and estrogen

Suppressed FSH, LH AND OVULATION by mimicking post- ovulatory stage

27
Q

What are the testes?

A

Also called testicles they produce sperm

28
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

Stores sperm until ejaculation, they are right on top of the testes

29
Q

What is the vas deferens?

A

They carry sperm from the testes into abdomen during ejaculation

30
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Sperm and semen get mixed together here

31
Q

What is the function of the urethra for males?

A

Main tube that runs through the penis that carries urine or semen

32
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Passage in the lower abdominal wall through which a testes descends into the scrotum

33
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules and what is their function?

A

Little round things in the testes where the sperm are formed.

34
Q

What are Sertoli cells? What are the 2 functions of Sertoli cells? Why do men need a blood/testes barrier?

A

Cells inside the spermatogenetic cells, 1) create blood/testes barrier 2) feel developing sperm, the man’s immune system would attack the sperm if there wasn’t one

35
Q

What are the 3 parts of a mature sperm.

A

1) head
2) midpiece
3) tail

36
Q

Where are Leydig cells and what do they produce?

A

They are between seminiferous tubules and they secrete testosterone

37
Q

Why are the testes locatedkn the scrotum instead of the abdominal cavity?

A

It keeps the testes 2° cooler than the body temp so that sperm can live and develop.

38
Q

What are the 3 accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A

1) seminal vesicles 2) prostate gland 3) bulbourethral glands

39
Q

What is the difference between sperm and semen?

A

Sperm is the reproductive cell and semen is the sperm + the ejaculatory fluid

40
Q

What do seminal vesicles produce? Why do they add fructose? Why do they make the semen basic?

A

Semen, food for the sperm, neutralize acidity from urine

41
Q

What does the prostate gland add to semen and why?

A

Base and citric acid to help burn the glucose for energy purposed

A&P Lecture (9 decks)

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