Skeleton Flashcards
Where do you find fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and hyaline cartilage?
Fibrocartilage- intervertebral discs
Elastic cartilage- outer ear
Hyaline cartilage- trachea, between joints
What is unique about firbrocartilage and what does that make it good at doing?
Has lots of large collagen fibers in matrix= makes it good at cushioning shocks
What is unique about the structure of elastic cartilage and what does that make it good at doing?
Has lots of elastin in matrix= makes it good at bending
Hat is the most abundant type of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
What do osteoblasts and osteoclasts do?
Osteoblasts= crest extracellular matrix with lots of collagen
Osteoclasts= digest bone for growth and repair
What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?
Compact bones have densely packed osteons
Spongy bones have no osteons
What is epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone?
Epiphysis- At each end of a bone and it articulated with other bones. They’re mostly spongy bone
Diaphysis- walls of compact bone around hollow core filled with marrow, blood cells, and nerves (kind of in the middle of the bone)
What is a sesamoid bone?
Bones embedded in a tendon
What is ossification?
Creation/hardening of bone
Where is the epiphyseal plate and what does it do? What happens when it disappears (ossifies)?
The epiphyseal plate is between epiohysid and diaphysis when it ossifies it stops growth
What is a fontanel? Who has one and why?
Soft spots that are between most of the bones of the skull for birth. Babies have one in order for the head to be flexible for birth and allow for brain growth.
What is a foramen and what is its purpose?
Hole in the bone for blood vessels or nerves
Where do you find bone marrow in adults?
Spongy bone of skull, hips, rib cage, spine
What is hemotopoiesis and where does it occur?
Making of blood, occurs in Red marrow
What do tendones attach! What do ligaments attach?
Tendons= connective tissue holding bone to muscle
Ligaments= connective tissue holding bone to bone
What is a synovial joint? Where do you find them and what are their parts (including capsule, articular cartilage, and synovial fluid)?
A joint that allow movement between articulating bones such as knees, elbows, fingers, and other places. Articular cartilage covers the end of each bone. The ligament and other tough connective tissue make the joint capsule. The capsule is lined with synovial membrane and filled with gelatinous synovial fluid.
What is a bursa, what is its function, and what is bursitis?
A bursa is a sac filled with synovial fluid to help tendons move over bony bumps. Bursitis is the inflammation of bursa
What are the 6 types of synovial joints and what are examples of each?
1) ball and socket= hip
2) condyloid (mini ball and socket)= knuckles
3) saddle= both bones have convex and concave surfaces, movement in most directions, but not rotation (trapezium, thumb)
4) gliding= wrist
5) hinge= up/down by no rotation (elbow)
6) pivot= dens of axis
What are the 4 non-synovial joints and examples of each?
1) Syndesmosis= 2 bones tightly joined by connective tissue (radius/ ulna; tibia/fibula)
2) suture= thin light connective tissue between skull bones
3) symphysis= bones joined by fibrocartilage to allow stretching, joint deformation, & to absorb shock (pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs)
4) gomphosis= bone peg in bone socket (tooth in jaw)
What is flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction?
Flexion= down angle between body parts
Extension= up angle
Adduction= moving part toward midline
Abduction= away from midline
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of one or more joint from a variety of causes
