Skeleton

Question 1

Where do you find fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage, and hyaline cartilage?

Answer 1

Fibrocartilage- intervertebral discs

Elastic cartilage- outer ear

Hyaline cartilage- trachea, between joints

Question 2

What is unique about firbrocartilage and what does that make it good at doing?

Answer 2

Has lots of large collagen fibers in matrix= makes it good at cushioning shocks

Question 3

What is unique about the structure of elastic cartilage and what does that make it good at doing?

Answer 3

Has lots of elastin in matrix= makes it good at bending

Question 4

Hat is the most abundant type of cartilage?

Answer 4

Hyaline cartilage

Question 5

What do osteoblasts and osteoclasts do?

Answer 5

Osteoblasts= crest extracellular matrix with lots of collagen

Osteoclasts= digest bone for growth and repair

Question 6

What is the difference between compact and spongy bone?

Answer 6

Compact bones have densely packed osteons

Spongy bones have no osteons

Question 7

What is epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone?

Answer 7

Epiphysis- At each end of a bone and it articulated with other bones. They’re mostly spongy bone

Diaphysis- walls of compact bone around hollow core filled with marrow, blood cells, and nerves (kind of in the middle of the bone)

Question 8

What is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 8

Bones embedded in a tendon

Question 9

What is ossification?

Answer 9

Creation/hardening of bone

Question 10

Where is the epiphyseal plate and what does it do? What happens when it disappears (ossifies)?

Answer 10

The epiphyseal plate is between epiohysid and diaphysis when it ossifies it stops growth

Question 11

What is a fontanel? Who has one and why?

Answer 11

Soft spots that are between most of the bones of the skull for birth. Babies have one in order for the head to be flexible for birth and allow for brain growth.

Question 12

What is a foramen and what is its purpose?

Answer 12

Hole in the bone for blood vessels or nerves

Question 13

Where do you find bone marrow in adults?

Answer 13

Spongy bone of skull, hips, rib cage, spine

Question 14

What is hemotopoiesis and where does it occur?

Answer 14

Making of blood, occurs in Red marrow

Question 15

What do tendones attach! What do ligaments attach?

Answer 15

Tendons= connective tissue holding bone to muscle

Ligaments= connective tissue holding bone to bone

Question 16

What is a synovial joint? Where do you find them and what are their parts (including capsule, articular cartilage, and synovial fluid)?

Answer 16

A joint that allow movement between articulating bones such as knees, elbows, fingers, and other places. Articular cartilage covers the end of each bone. The ligament and other tough connective tissue make the joint capsule. The capsule is lined with synovial membrane and filled with gelatinous synovial fluid.

Question 17

What is a bursa, what is its function, and what is bursitis?

Answer 17

A bursa is a sac filled with synovial fluid to help tendons move over bony bumps. Bursitis is the inflammation of bursa

Question 18

What are the 6 types of synovial joints and what are examples of each?

Answer 18

1) ball and socket= hip
2) condyloid (mini ball and socket)= knuckles
3) saddle= both bones have convex and concave surfaces, movement in most directions, but not rotation (trapezium, thumb)
4) gliding= wrist
5) hinge= up/down by no rotation (elbow)
6) pivot= dens of axis

Question 19

What are the 4 non-synovial joints and examples of each?

Answer 19

1) Syndesmosis= 2 bones tightly joined by connective tissue (radius/ ulna; tibia/fibula)
2) suture= thin light connective tissue between skull bones
3) symphysis= bones joined by fibrocartilage to allow stretching, joint deformation, & to absorb shock (pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs)
4) gomphosis= bone peg in bone socket (tooth in jaw)

Question 20

What is flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction?

Answer 20

Flexion= down angle between body parts

Extension= up angle

Adduction= moving part toward midline

Abduction= away from midline

Question 21

What is arthritis?

Answer 21

Inflammation of one or more joint from a variety of causes