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A&P Lecture > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of acid does your stomach make?

A

Hydrochloride acid or HCL

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2
Q

Arrange the following in the order in which food would pass through them:

Ascending colon, jejunum, descending colon, duodenum, sigmoid colon, ileum, transverse colon

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

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3
Q

Name all the parts that compromise the large intestine.

A

Ascending, transverse, descending, & sigmoid colons

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4
Q

Does your esophagus lead to your stomach, your lungs, or both your stomach and lungs?

A

Stomach

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5
Q

Does your pharynx lead to your stomach, your lungs, or both your stomach and lungs?

A

Both

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6
Q

What adjective describes things pertaining to the liver?

A

Hepatic

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7
Q

What is the outer layer of alimentary canal?

A

Serous

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8
Q

What is the inner layer of your alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa

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9
Q

What are the waves of muscle contraction that push food through the digestive tract?

A

Peristalsis

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10
Q

Does cholecystokinin make your stomach churn faster or slower?

A

Slower

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11
Q

Is pepsin’s the active or inactive form of the enzyme?

A

Active

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12
Q

What conveys the inactive form of the enzyme in the your stomach into the active form?

A

Acid

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13
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Abnormal passage between 2 organs, or between organ and outside

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14
Q

Which of these produces bicarbonate?

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

What is the function of bicarbonate?

A

Neutralize acids

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16
Q

What produces bile?

A

Liver

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17
Q

What stores bile as its primary function?

A

Gall bladder

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18
Q

What is the primary function of bile?

A

Digest fat

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19
Q

What is bile made from?

A

Cholesterol

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20
Q

What is chyme?

A

Mix of food and digestive juice

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21
Q

Does your somatic nervous system cover voluntary responses, involuntary responses, or both?

A

Voluntary

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22
Q

Does your parasympathetic nervous system speed up your heart or slow it down?

A

Slow it down

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23
Q

Do afferent neurons send information to the brain or take it away?

A

To the brain

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24
Q

What helps circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Ependymal cells

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25
Q

Which one of these helps to physically support neurons?

A

Schwann cell

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26
Q

What helps to physically support neurons?

A

Astrocytes

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27
Q

What acts as a phagocyte?

A

Microglia

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28
Q

What is the function of myelin?

A

Acts as an electrical insulator

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29
Q

What disease is caused by damage to myelin?

A

Multiple sclerosis

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30
Q

What kind of ion channel opens when a neuron’s membrane potential changes from the resting potential to threshold

A

Voltage-gated

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31
Q

Which kind of ion channel is always open?

A

Ungated

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32
Q

Ina neuron at rest, is K+ more common inside the cell, outside the cell, or is it impossible to tell?

A

Inside

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33
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron

A

-70mV

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34
Q

What is the threshold potential of a neuron?

A

-55mV

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35
Q

If a neuron has a membrane potential of -80mV, is it more negative inside the cell of outside?

A

Inside

36
Q

Is a neuron with a membrane potential of -80 mV more likely to fire or less likely to fire than a neuron at rest?

A

Less likely

37
Q

If a neuron has a membrane potential of -80mV, is it inhibited or excited compared to a neuron at rest?

A

Inhibited

38
Q

If a neuron has a membrane potential of-80mV, is it depolarizer or hyper polarized compared to a neuron at rest?

A

Hyper polarized

39
Q

Which comes first in an action potential, the depolarization phase or the repolarization phase?

A

Depolarization phase

40
Q

What opens at the start of the repolarization phase?

A

Voltage-gated K+ channels

41
Q

What channel opens at the start of the depolarization phase?

A

Voltage gated Na+ channels

42
Q

Can you get an action potential during the absolute refractory period?

A

No

43
Q

What is the gap between neurons?

A

Synapse

44
Q

Which ion enter a neuron to cause the release of neurotransmitters?

A

Ca2+

45
Q

Would you expect un myelinated neurons to do saltatory conduction?

A

No

46
Q

Do action potentials move faster down a neuron with or without myelin?

A

Faster with myelin

47
Q

Would an inhibitory neurotransmitter make a neuron more or less likely to fire?

A

Less likely

48
Q

Would you expect an inhibitory neurotransmitter to hyperpolarize or depolarize a neuron

A

Hyperpolarize

49
Q

Name one way of clearing neurotransmitters from between neurons

A

Diffusion, uptake,,reuptake, enzynatic destruction

50
Q

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the fight-or-flight response

A

Dopamine

51
Q

Do agonists make neurotransmitters more effective or less effective?

A

More effective

52
Q

Which one of these neurotransmitters is released on to muscles to start muscle contraction?

A

acetyl choline (ACh)

53
Q

Which one of these neurotransmitters is primarily associated with dilating blood vessels?

A

nitric oxide

54
Q

Which one of these neurotransmitters is primarily associated with causing pain?

A

substance P

55
Q

Which one of these neurotransmitters is primarily associated with pain relief?

A

endorphins

56
Q

Which one of these neurotransmitters is associated with functions including mood, appetite, sleep, and libido?

A

serotonin

57
Q

Which one of these neurotransmitters is a general nervous system inhibitor?

A

GABA

58
Q

Nicotinic cholinergic receptors respond to acetyl choline and to what other substance?

A

nicotine

59
Q

What is the chemical formula for bicarbonate?

A

HCO3

60
Q

If you remove H+ from your blood, would you expect carbonic acid levels to rise or fall?

A

fall

61
Q

If you remove H+ from your blood, would you expect to exhale more CO2 or less CO2?

A

Less

62
Q

In general, what is the job of the pH buffer system in your blood?

A

Keep pH stable

63
Q

If your breathing is inhibited, would you expect to get acidosis or alkalosis?

A

acidosis

64
Q

What does mmHg stand for?

A

Millimeters of mercury

65
Q

Does your trachea lead to your stomach, your lungs or both?

A

Lungs

66
Q

Which of these bones does NOT contain one of the sinuses found in your skull?

A

maxilla

67
Q

Which of these is a collapsed lung?

A

pneumothorax

68
Q

Which of these comes from the loss of alveoli?

A

emphysema

69
Q

Which of these is fluid filling your alveoli?

A

Consolidation

70
Q

Which of these is a tube running between your trachea and a lung?

A

bronchus

71
Q

Which of these best describes surfactants?

A

chemicals that weaken hydrogen bonds ​

72
Q

What is your residual volume?

A

what’s left after an extra deep

exhalation

73
Q

What is your expiratory reserve?

A

extra deep exhalation

74
Q

Which of these best describes Boyle’s Law?

A

As the volume of a container goes up, air pressure goes down

75
Q

Which of these is where the majority of gas exchange occurs in the lungs

A

alveoli

76
Q

What molecule carries most of the oxygen in red blood cells?

A

hemoglobin

77
Q

Which of these elements help the molecule from the previous question carry oxygen

A

Fe

78
Q

How do you get aspirational pneumonia?

A

Inhaling food particles

79
Q

Is CO2 carried in red blood cells?

A

Yes

80
Q

Which of these is your voicebox

A

larynx

81
Q

Which of these creates cohesion and adhesion of water molecules in your lungs

A

hydrogen bonds

82
Q

Do cohesion and adhesion of water molecules help you inhale, exhale or both?

A

exhale

83
Q

Do low levels of CO2 increase or decrease the O2 saturation of blood?

A

Increase

84
Q

Would you expect blood to give up more O2 if it was moving through tissue that was 99°F or 100°F?

A

100F

85
Q

Would you expect blood to give up more O2 if it was moving through tissue with a pH of 6 or a pH of 7?

A

6

A&P Lecture (9 decks)

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