Urinary tract infections

Question 1

Define urinary tract

Answer 1

All structures from urethral meatus-kidney

Question 2

Define Urethritis

Answer 2

Urethral infection only

Women

Question 3

Define cysitis

Answer 3

Infection of urthra AND bladder

Question 4

Define pyelonephritis

Answer 4

=Involving kidney parenchyma

Question 5

Common causes of UTI

Answer 5

Ascending organims

Apart from TB, Schistosmiasis, S.aureus, C.albicans

Question 6

Features required foR UTI bacteria

Answer 6

Ability to bind to uroepithelium!

Breakdown mucin

Resist urine IgG IgA

Resistnat to serum batericidal activity and urea

Question 7

Predisposing factors for UTI

Answer 7

• All ages
• Females - anus and urethra closer
• Location - hospital
• Renal dialysis/Kidney failure

Question 8

Host factors allowing for UTI

Answer 8

• Washout normally dilutes and removes bacteria
  
  • Catheterisation
  • Infrequent emptyin
  • Reduced fluid intake
  • Obstruction
  • Vesico-ureteric reflex VUR

Question 9

Site-related symptoms in UTI

Answer 9

• Urethra: Urgency, dysuria, not more frequent
• Bladder: Heavy feeling suprapubically, frequency, dysuria
• Pyelonephritis: Loin pain, fever, rigors, dysuria, batereamia

Question 10

Things to look or in microscopy of UTI

Answer 10

Pyuria= white cells in urine

• Look for WBC
• Haematouria

Question 11

Treatment for UTI

Answer 11

Increase fluids

Antibiotics

Prophylaxis in recurrent infection

Question 12

Cuases of uncomplicated UTI

Answer 12

E.coli

Proteus mirabills

Staph sapro in sexually active

Question 13

Causes of complicated UTI

Answer 13

e. coli

Proteus sp.

Klebs sp.

Pseudomnoa aeruginosa