Carcinogens and Metaplasia Flashcards
Polycyclic hydrocarbons effect
Carcinogenic
Founds in tars, i.e. cigarette smoke
Cause lung canceer
Aromatic Amines; carcinogenic effect
Through industrial exposure
Converted to active ingredients in liver
- Become concentrated by excretion in the urine, main effect on urothelium causing cancers
Nitrosamines; carcinogenic effect
cause cancer in stomach and GI tract
Alkylating agents; carcinogenic effect
Can bind to DNA and are directly mutagenic
Examples of hormones promoting tumour growth
- Oestrogens stimulate proliferation of breast & endometrial tissue; can be treated by anti-oestrogen drugs
- Carcinoma of prostate can be treated by removal of testosterone stimulation by orchidectomy or oestrogenic drugs
A physical carcinogen
Asbestos
Inhaled fibres are potent cause of neoplasia in lung and pleura
Neoplasms related to EBV
Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Naspharyngeal, B-cell lymphomas
Neoplasms related to HBV
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Neoplasms related to HPV
Cervical cancer
Neoplasms related to HTLV-1
T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Neoplasms related to HHV-8
Karposi’s Sarcoma
Tumour caused by Li-Fraumeni
Breast cancer and sarcomas
Tumour caused by Polyposis coli
Adenomate and carcinoma of colon
Tumour caused by familial retinoblastoma
Malignant tumour of retina