HIV Flashcards
1
Q
Risks of transmission in HIV
A
- Needlestick: 0.3% - reduced by 70% by post-stick prophhylaxis
- Vertical: 20% breast feeding, 10% pre/peri-partum
- Sexual: 0.8-3.2% in anal
2
Q
Symptoms of different CD4 counts
A
250: generalised lymphoadenopathy
150: Karposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma
50: HSV, VZV, CMV
3
Q
Example of an HIV associated lung disease
A
Pneumocystis jjroceyi pneumonia (fungi)
- injures type 1 alveorlar cells via fibronectin binding
- Batwing CXR
- pO2<9.3 give steroids
- over: antibiotics
4
Q
Neoplasms more common in HIV
A
Karposi’s
Lymphoma
Cancer of lung
5
Q
CNS presentations in HIV
A
Tuberculous Meningitis: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutamol
Cryptococcal meningitis: amphotericin B2 weeks then life long fluconazole
Focal CNS lesion: non infectious, tumours
Toxoplasmosis encephalitis
6
Q
HIV associated cancers
A
Karposis
Non-hodgkins, and hodgkins
7
Q
Antiretrociral treatmant of HIV
A
- Nucleoside analogues NRTIs
- Non-nucleoside analogues NNRTIs
- Protease inhibitors
- Fusion inhibitor
MINIMUM OF THREE REQUIRED. 10 year increase in life expectancy if used sequentially