Lymphomas Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Define lymphomas

A

Neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells of various types

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3
Q

Two main categories of lymphomas

A

Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodkin’s

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4
Q

Subdivision of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A
  • Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s
  • Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma
    • Lymphocyte rich
    • Mixed cellularity
    • Nodular sclerosing
    • Lymphocyte depleted
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5
Q

Presentation and prognosis in lymphocyte rish Hodgkin’s

A

Prognosis: Good

Few Reed-Sternberg cells

Lots of lymphocytes

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6
Q

Prognosis and presentation in mixed cellularity Hodgkin’s

A

Prognosis: average

Roughly 50/5o lymphocytes and R-S cells

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7
Q

Presentation and prognosis in Nodular sclerosing Hodkin’s

A

Prognosis: average

Mixed cellularity

A lot of cytokines and thick fibrous bands;nodules

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8
Q

Presentation and prognosis in Lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin’s

A

Prognosis: bad

Lots of R-S cells

NO/few lymphocytes

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9
Q

Types of non-Hodkin’s lymphomas

A

Lymphocytic lymphomas

  • B cell lymphoma
  • T cell lymphoma
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10
Q

Characteristics of a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Act directly on lymphocytes

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11
Q

Presentation and prognosis of B cell lymphoma

A

Low grade: good

High grade: bad

Low grade: small lymphocytes, clonal proliferation

High grade: Very large nuclei

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12
Q

T cell lymphoma presentation and prognosis

A

Low grade: good, but worse than T

High grade: really bad

Tends to affect skin

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13
Q

Stages of lymphoadenopathy

A
  1. One single lymphoid group, above or below diaphragm
    • b) Systemic symptoms: Weight loss, night sweats
  2. Two lymphoid groups, above or below diaphragm
  3. Above and below diaphragm
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14
Q

Define myeloma and its presentation

A

A tumour of mature plasma cells

Lots of plasma cells. Eccentric nucleus with light sorroundings and a dark outer border

Space occupying lesion-> eroded bone i.e. osteolytic

Systemi: produce excess protein, clog urinary system

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15
Q

Presentation and staging of Astrocytomas

A
  • Most common brain tumour
  • Behave malignantly, by local invasion; space-cocupying effects
    • but DO NOT metastasize
  1. Prognosis: good
  2. Well differentiated, space occupying lesion. No solid border, hard to operate
    1. Gliosblastoma; poorly differentiated, space-occupying lesion, large areas of haemorrhage and necrosis. Crosses both sides
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16
Q

Presentation of Neuroblastoma

A
  • Next common embryonal tumour
  • In adrenal gland, from primitive medullary precursors (neuroblasts)
  • Very advanced local invasion; enroached into aorta
  • Lymph node spread
  • Extensive blood-borne spread: lung, liver, bones
17
Q

Most common embryonal tumour

A

Nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumour)

in kidney

18
Q

Define teratoma

A

Tumours derived from primitve germ cells which retain the capacity to differentiate along all 3 embryological lines. Hence teratomas sohuld contain representative of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

19
Q

Common locations for teratomas

A

Due to germ cell origin, most common in

Ovary

Testis

20
Q
A