Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
what are the presenting features of a UTI?
Urgency
Frequency
Dysuria- painful urination
How is UTI diagnosis confirmed?
Microscopy and culture of urine specimen which is collected by mid stream urine specimen.
Which antibiotics can be used in uncomplicated lower UTI?
Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim
Which antibiotics can be used for a UTI in pregnancy?
A beta lactam such as ampicillin or cephalosporin should be used
How is UTI prevented?
Emptying bladder immediately after sex (in women)
Avoiding catheterisation where possible.
What is the most common cause of cystitis?
E.coli
What is cystitis?
An infection of the urinary bladder, usually limited to the bladder epithelium.
What is a common differential diagnosis confused with symptoms of UTI?
Vaginitis- caused by trichomonas, mycoplasma or other anaerobic bacteria.
What is pyelonephritis?
An infection of the kidney involving the renal parenchyma.
Which species of bacteria commonly cause pyelonephritis?
E.coli, enterobacteriaecae and S.aureus.
What are the common risk factors for pyelonephritis?
Urinary catheter, neurological diseases, renal stones, ureteric reflux, pregnancy.
What are the common symptoms of pyelonephritis?
Dysuria
Frequency
Flank pain, renal tenderness and fever.
