Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infection > Genital Tract Infections > Flashcards

Genital Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is genital herpes?

A

A painful, vesicualting infection of external genitalia and lower genital tract caused by herpes simplex virus I and II.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pathophysiology of herpes infection?

A

Herpes simplex virus infects squamous epithelium and forms an intranuclear inclusion body. Epithelial cells then form giant cells or lyse. Oedema develops locally and causes vesicle formation. These will eventually crust over or become ulcerated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the major symptoms of herpes infection?

A

Painful ulcers
Fever
Myalgia
Painful urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is herpes infection diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnosis or PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is herpes treated?

A

Acyclovir - must be given continually to prevent attacks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are genital warts?

A

External genital or perianal papillomata caused by HPV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why should genital warts not be ignored?

A

They are regarded as a precursor to carcinoma of the cervix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which HPV viruses cause cervical carcinoma?

A

Types 16 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How are genital warts treated?

A

Trichloroacetic acid solution is used which is cytotoxic
Abstain from intercourse
Ask sexual partner to seek treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which microorganism causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum. This is a spiral bacterium known as a spirochaete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does syphilis develop after infection?

A

Can develop up to 1 year after infection and has primary, secondary and latent stages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

It produces painless ulcers or chancres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is syphilis treated?

A

A single IM dose of benzathine penicillin and then follow up serology at1,3,6 and 12 months.

Contact tracing

Notifiable disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the most common causes of urethral discharge in males?

A

N.gonnorhoea or chlamydia trachomatis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is urethral discharge in males diagnosed?

A

Microscopy, culture and antigen detection.

N gonorrhoea will show up as gram negative diplococcus.

PCR tests can be used to detect both C.trochomatis and N.gonorrhoea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for urethral discharge in males?

A

Gonococcal urethritis can be treated with ampicillin or ceftriaxone.
Or a 10 day course of erythromycin.

Patients with urethritis should also be given simultaneous treatment for chlamydia infection. This is azithromycin or doxycycline.

17
Q

What are the infective causes of vaginal discharge?

A

Candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis

18
Q

What causes candidiasis? What distinguishes candidiasis from other vaginal discharges?

A

The yeast candida albicans. It produces a thick creamy discharge and white curd like exudate.

This condition is often associated with ecological disturbance or variation in hormonal background of menstrual cycle.

19
Q

What causes trichomoniasis?

A

The flagellated protozoan: trichomonas vaginalis. Discharge is frothy, thin and offensive.

20
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

A disturbance in vaginal flora that results in overgrowth of commensal anaerobic bacteria. Species such as gardnerella vaginalis and mobilincus have been identified.

21
Q

How is vaginal discharge diagnosed?

A

Microscopy.

Potassium hydroxide can be added to the specimen and results in a pungent odour in patients with bacterial vaginosis. This is called the whiff test.

22
Q

How is vaginal candidiasis treated?

A

Intravaginal nystatin or imidazole.

23
Q

How can trichomonas and bacterial vaginosis be treated?

A

With metronidazole

24
Q

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

A

A term used to refer to infections of the female pelvic organs.

25
Q

Which organisms commonly cause PID?

A

N.gonorrhoeae, chlamydia

26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of PID?

A

Fever, lower abdo pain, dyspareunia, oligomenorhea, tenderness to pelvic palpation and palpable adnexal mass.

27
Q

What are the differential diagnoses of PID?

A

Appendicitis
IBD
Tubal pregnancy
Ruptured ovarian cyst.

28
Q

What is the recommended treatment for PID?

A

Combination of abx- eg ceftriaxone, metronidazole and doxycycline

Infection (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions