Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
Acute cystitis is?
infection of bladder
pyelonephritis
ascending infection of kidney
what is sterile pyuria?
pus in urine without bacterial growth
asymptomatic bacteriuria?
bacteria in urine without symptoms
where in the urinary tract should it be sterile?
bladder, ureter, kidneys
which bacterial species accounts for 80% of community vs. hospital acquired UTIs?
80% v. 40%
Proteus species are gram what?
-ve rods
What is a common gram +ve UTI agent?
staph saprophyticus
polyomaviruses for UTIs are only applicable to what population?
immunocompromised
adenovirus may cause what in UTIs?
haemorrhagic cystitis
hantavirus may cause what?
renal disease
most common mode of contamination for UTIs?
from perineum and of gut origin
Salmonella typhi causing UTIs how?
in septicaemic phase, can shed and fix into different organs and into urine
where is the reservoir for S. Typhi in humans?
gall bladder
3 organisms that cause UTI and spread through blood
staph aureus
salmonella Typhi
TB
Innate immunity of the UT include what 4 things?
Transitional epithelium
Resistant architecture
urine
constant flushing
4 normal host factors that promote UTIs
short urethra in females
coitus
colonisation of distal urethra
no circumcision in infant boys only
2 abnormal host factors promoting UTIs
- incomplete bladder emptying (neuro or structural)
2. catheterisation
what is vesico-ureteric reflux?
ureter entering bladder spincter doesn’t contract when bladder contracts during voiding and can cause pyelonephritis
What is siderophores?
iron acquisition: can suck iron from transferrin and bacteria uses it
adhesins used in UTIs by bacteria? 2 most common:
type 1 fimbriae
PAP pili both E.coli
E.coli Hly secretes what associated with kidney damage?
Haemolysin
Urease in which bacteria? what does it do?
Proteus uses it to make struvite stones (ammonia)
E.coli and Klebsiella have what kind of capsule? polysaccharide or protein?
polysaccharide
