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Jason's Renal Block > Kidney Function 1 > Flashcards

Kidney Function 1 Flashcards

0
Q

4 main functions of kidney

A
  1. water sodium balance
  2. ion control, K+, CA2+, Mg2+
  3. acid-base balance
  4. excretion
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1
Q

3 things to take away from the lecture:

A

autoregulation
clearance
macula densa

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2
Q

is acid-base balance only done by kidney?

A

nope. in conjunction with lungs

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3
Q

what happens if ion concentrations get out of hand?

A

could be deadly and sudden death from nerve, muscle, brain damage

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4
Q

uraemia is what?

A

chronic renal failure due to a general plethora of products

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5
Q

what does Renin do?

A

hormone what regulates BP and Na+

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6
Q

Vitamin D3 has homey hydroxyl compared to calciferol?

A

3OH vs. 1OH

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7
Q

what does formation of concentrated urine do? what is min vs. max?

A

excrete toxins and waste

30mOsm/L - 1200 mOsm/L

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8
Q

what is formation of dilute urine do?

A

remove excess water

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9
Q

85% of glomeruli are what?

A

superficial cortical glomeruli SCGs

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10
Q

what are JM glomeruli?

A

juxtamedullary glomeruli: deep penetrating loops of HEnle into medula

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11
Q

SCGs are what?

A

superficial cortical glomeruli with shallow penetrance of loops of Henle

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12
Q

more loops of henle deeper or superficially?

A

superficially due to 85% of glomeruli being SCGs

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13
Q

juxtamedullary glomeruli account for concentration gradient, where is it higher? lower?

A

300 at superficial

1200 in deepest papilla part of medulla

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14
Q

Expand these acronyms: PCT, tDLH, tALH, TAL, DT, CD

A 
proximal convoluted tubule
thin descending loop of henle
thin ascending loop of henle
Thick ascending loop of henle
Distal Tubule
collecting duct
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15
Q

where does the TAL attach to parent glomerulus?

A

end of TAL attaches between efferent and afferent arteriole

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16
Q

how many nephrons per kidney?

A

1 million

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17
Q

how many L out of daily 180L of filtrate goes back into efferent arteriole?

A

178L

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18
Q

what is renal blood flow per minute? per kidney?

A

1L/min, 500ml per kidney

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19
Q

filtration fraction is?

A

20% or 0.2

20
Q

what is normal haematocrit?

A

40

21
Q

if renal plasma flow is 600ml, what is total GFR? GFR per kidney?

A

total GFR is 125ml or 60ml per kidney

22
Q

how much cardiac output needed to run the renal filtration system?

A

20%

23
Q

describe the efferent renal arteriole

A

artery to capillary to artery to capillary to vein

24
Q

Na+ or K+ more important for secretion?

A

K+

25
Q

macula densa cells close to the arteriole make what? does what?

A

Renin which ends up vasoconstricting

26
Q

macula densa detect Na+ feeback via paracrine mediators such as? what does it adjust?

A

prostaglandins and adenosine

alters afferent arteriole tone to adjust resistance and keep glomerulus constant at 50mmHg

27
Q

epithelial granular cells near afferent arteriole make what?

A

Renin

28
Q

What is myogenic response/reflex?

A

if too much stretch on afferent arteriole, is contracts to mitigate any dilating force

29
Q

Creatinine level is equated roughly the same as the?

A

GFR

30
Q

3 components of filtration in Bowman’s Capsule?

A

filtration slits
basal lamina
fenestrations

31
Q

what is hallmark of advanced diabetes?

A

albumin in the urine as the basal lamina degenerate, lose negative charge and ability to repel

32
Q

what is normal hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillary?

A

50mmHg

33
Q

what is normal hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s capsule?

A

10mmHg

34
Q

what is normal oncotic pressure in glomerular capillary?

A

25-40mmHg

35
Q

what is normal oncotic pressure in Bowman’s capsule?

A

0mmHg

36
Q

what is the normal net filtration pressure across bowman’s capsule?

A

10mmHg into nephron

37
Q

Angiotension II preferentially constricts which arteriole?

A

efferent arteriole

38
Q

which arteriole does autoregulation occur at?

A

afferent arteriole

39
Q

BP can vary between what and still maintain normal GFR?

A

80-180mm Hg

40
Q

what happens if low sodium? how do you maintain BP?

A

macula densa detects, triggers Renin to increase BP via unknown mechanism

41
Q

what are the 3 drivers of renin release?

A

sympathetic
decreased BP
decreased NaCl

42
Q

Renin affects afferent or efferent?

A

efferent

43
Q

what happens if Na+ too high?

A

releases thromboxane and adenosine which constricts afferent

44
Q

Renal clearance of a substance equation is?

A

Urine Volume / plasma concentration

45
Q

Inulin is a marker for what?

A

GFR

46
Q

how much Glucose clearance per minute in nephron?

A

0mL/min

47
Q

penicillin reabsorbed?

A

nope. freely filtered and even secreted

Jason's Renal Block (20 decks)

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