Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

CO2 controlled how?

Answer 1

mainly lungs

Question 2

Where does bicarb reabsorbed?

Answer 2

proximal tubule

Question 3

Equilibrium is towards H2CO3? or Co2 +H20?

Answer 3

towards CO2 +H20

Question 4

What is the plasma buffer system chemical equation?

Answer 4

HCO3- + H+ H2CO3 CO2 + H2O

Question 5

What happens to CO2+ H20?

Answer 5

hydrated to H2CO3 converted to bicarb

Question 6

CO2 in mitochondria goes where?

Answer 6

into blood into RBC where converted to bicarb

Question 7

Kidneys alter pH two ways?

Answer 7

alter HCO3 -production/excretion

pH via H+ excretion

Question 8

where does sulphuric and phosphoric acid production come from?

Answer 8

protein and lipid metabolism

Question 9

where does lactic acid come from?

Answer 9

anaerobic metabolism

Question 10

if starving, what does the body do to fatty acids? when else do you see it?

Answer 10

keto acids

Diabetes

Question 11

how much strong acid do you make per day?

Answer 11

70mmol per day

Question 12

two things that buffer acid:

Answer 12

bicarb HCO3-

haemoglobin

Question 13

bicarb secreted from what GI organ?

Answer 13

pancreas

Question 14

metabolic acidosis causes?
hyperkalemia?
hypokalemia?
normokalemia?

Answer 14

hyperkalemia

Question 15

Anion Gap is normally how many mmols? accounted for how?

Answer 15

12 mmol/L

80% albumin

Question 16

acidosis with anion gap usually happens in 3 situations:

Answer 16

lactic acidosis (shock, haemorrhage_
diabetic ketoacidosis
renal failure

Question 17

3 tubular mechanisms for acid-base?

Answer 17

bicarb reabsorp
bicarb excretion
bicarb creation/acid excretion

Question 18

what happens in intercalated cell type B during alkalosis?

Answer 18

bicarb and K+ is secreted

Question 19

what happens in intercalated cell type A during acidosis?

Answer 19

H+ secreted
K+ in
HCO3- reabsorbed