Transplantation

Question 0

ABO just in blood?

Answer 0

nope other systems as well, so try to match for transplant as well

Question 1

isograft? allograft? xenograft?

Answer 1

iso: identical twin
allograft: same species
xenograft: different species

Question 2

1st of 2nd graft more tolerated?

Answer 2

1st graft.

Question 4

which immune cell is responsible for rejection?

Answer 4

T-cell

Question 5

T-cells recognize what?

Answer 5

MHC I : universally expressed (CD8)

MHC II : APC inducible (CD4)

Question 6

MHC genes are static?

Answer 6

Nope. highly polymorphic

Question 7

HLA matching of how many usually?

Answer 7

6

Question 8

Renal vs. Lung transplant which one has more HLA mismatches?

Answer 8

Lung because of time and shorter waiting list

Question 9

3 types of rejection are?

Answer 9

antibody mediated: immediate
acute: days-weeks: T-cells
Chronic: months-years: Ab? immune complexes? viruses?

Question 10

what helps to determine what preformed antibodies you have?

Answer 10

blood
MHC
blood transfusions
preg
transplant

Question 11

what happens if you get early episodes of acute rejection?

Answer 11

more problem with chronic rejection in future

Question 12

2 non-immunological causes of chronic rejection?

Answer 12

viruses, ischaemia-reperfusion injury

Question 13

what happens histologically in chronic rejection?

Answer 13

scarring/fibrosis around tubules etc.

Question 14

chronic allograft rejection what can happen in:
Kidney?
Liver?
Lung?

Answer 14

nephropathy
scarring of bile ducts
bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

Question 15

hyperacute rejection mediated by?

Answer 15

antibodies and complement

Question 16

3 ways to prevent rejection?

Answer 16

match ABO
match MHC/HLA
immunosuppresive drugs

Question 17

oldes immunosuppressive drug?

Answer 17

azathioprine

Question 18

what drug is good at taking out recently activated T-cells?

Answer 18

cyclosporin

Question 19

cyclosporin and tacrolimus inhibits what?

Answer 19

calcineurin

Question 20

what do calcineurin inhibitors leave you vulnerable to?

Answer 20

viruses

Question 21

steroids for anti-rejection for what?

Answer 21

decrease lymphocytes and reaction to antigens but more risk of infection

Question 22

what does azathioprine do?

Answer 22

non-specifically inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, blocks IL2 prod

Question 23

do we just use one drug for immunosuppression ? why?

Answer 23

use cocktail, so what you can use lower doses of the individual drugs and minimize side effects

Question 24

organ regen involves?

Answer 24

decellularize a donor organ to get scaffolding, then populate with recipient cells to grow