Urinary tract infections

Question 1

Describe the regions that make up the upper urinary tract (3)

Answer 1

1) kidneys

2) renal pelvis (urine funnel inside of kidney)

3) ureters

Question 2

Describe the regions that make up the lower urinary tract (2)

Answer 2

1) urinary bladder

2) urethra

Question 3

Cystitis

Answer 3

bladder infection

Question 4

pyelitis

Answer 4

infection in the renal pelvis (urine funnel in the kidney)

Common complication (acute or chronic)

Question 5

pyelonephritis

Answer 5

infection in the kidney

Common complication (acute or chronic)

Question 6

uncomplicated urinary infection

Answer 6

acute cystitis or pyelonephritis without systemic disease

Question 7

leukocyte esterase in urine

Answer 7

determines if the infection is inflammatory

Question 8

polymorphonuclear neutrophils in urine

Answer 8

bacterial infection

Question 9

Upper urinary tract infection clinical manifestations

Answer 9

flank pain and fever

Question 10

Hosts susceptible to recurrent UTIs?

Answer 10

1) sexually active women- their urethra is shorter and closer to the perianal GI pathogens

2) Catheterized patients - foreign object can be easily colonized. Sometimes the UTI is asymptomatic and puts the patient at risk of developing a systemic infection! One way to tell is by personality changes or altered mental status. This might be hard to distinguish in elderly people with dementia

Question 11

How is urine collected?

Answer 11

Clean catch

intermittent catheter (only used to get urine)

Foley catheters should not be used because they have bacteria colonized. These go inside the urethra

Question 12

pyuria

Answer 12

a lot of WBCs or pus in urine

Question 13

Organisms that cause UTIs

Answer 13

Most common:
E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Enterococcus (ECoC)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Corynebacterium urealyticum
S. saprophyticus
S. aureus