Lower respiratory tract

Question 1

Tracheobronchitis (trachea and bronchus tube)

Answer 1

*Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis
*Strep pneumo
*Chlamydia pneumoniae
*Moraxella catarrhalis
*Haemophilus influenzae
*Mycoplasma pneumoniae

VIRAL
*Adenoviruses
*Herpes simplex virus (neonates and immunocompromised)
*nontypeable H. influenzae

Question 2

Bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchiole branches)

Answer 2

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Viruses

Question 3

Atypical Pneumonia
milder infection and minimal sputum production

Answer 3

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Legionella spp

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) - a concern for people with weakened immune systems due to HIV or anti-inflammatories (corticosteroids and lymphocyte depleting agents) -Dx with PCR. Infective asci (cyst) that looks like a protozoa, Non-productive cough and dyspnea (shortness of breath)

Question 4

Acute pneumonia
community acquired

Answer 4

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Moraxella catarrhalis

nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

CMV in immunosuppressed people

Question 5

Acute pneumonia
hospital acquired

Answer 5

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

S. aureus

Stenotrophomonas maltophila

Enterobacterales - Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

Question 6

Lung abscess without granulomas

Answer 6

Aspergillus
S. aureus
Pseudomonas aureginosa
Anaerobic bacteria

Question 7

Lung granulomas

Can be asymptomatic and chronic

Answer 7

MTB-Acid Fast positive
Nocardia - filamentous - Fite positive- modified acid fast positive
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatidis
Coccidiodes spp.
Aspergillus - fungal ball
Mucorales

Question 8

Empyema fluid in the pleural space (btwn lungs and chest cavity)

Answer 8

inflammation in between the lung and pleural membrane

Usually caused by bacteria

Question 9

Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis

Answer 9

P. aeruginosa

S. aureus

Burkolderia cepacia complex

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Question 10

Allergic bronchopulmonary disease

Answer 10

Aspergillus fumigatus - fungal balls and allergic reactions

Aerobic actinomycetes (Nocardia spp., Rhodococcus spp., Gordonia spp., Tseukamurella spp., Streptomyces)

Question 11

Pulmonary disease

Answer 11

Aspergillus
Mucormycosis
Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Cryptococcus

Actinomycosis, Rhodococcus

TB and NTM

Nocardia