Upper respiratory tract

Question 1

Pharyngitis

Bacteria, Viruses, fungal

Answer 1

• Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)
• Group C and G beta hemolytic Strep can cause pharyngitis, but milder
  *Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Diptheria
• Neisseria gonorrhea
• Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (prev. Coryne haemolyticum)

VIRAL:
* Epstein-Barr virus - mononucleosis
* Adenovirus - pharyngitis plus conjunctivitis
* Coronavirus
* Parainfluenza and influenza viruses

FUNGAL
* C. albicans

Question 2

Nasopharynx and nasopharyngeal infections

Bacteria and viruses

Answer 2

*Mycoplasma pneumonia
*Bordetella pertussis
*Chlamydia pneumoniae

VIRAL:
*Rhinovirus
*RSV
*Influenza

Question 3

Otitis media and sinusitis

Bacteria

Answer 3

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 4

Epiglottitis

Answer 4

Haemophilus influenzae

-type B vaccine available but breakthrough strains may exist
-must be relieved by tracheostomy (opening trachea)

Question 5

Laryngitis

Answer 5

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Question 6

Chronic draining neck infections

Answer 6

Actinomyces israelii sulfur granules

Question 7

Cervical lymphadenopathy (enlargement of lymph nodes)
Scrofula (mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis)

Answer 7

Mycobacterium bovis (unpasteurized milk)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 8

Lemierre’s syndrome

Answer 8

Fusobacterium necrophorum

bacteria from a throat infection spread to a major blood vessel and then poison the bloodstream and cause blood clots.