Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
how is a UTI classified
presence of a pure growth of > 105 organisms per mL of fresh MSU
how to explain the collection of MSU to a patient
Wash you hands and genitals.
Pass some urine into the toilet, then without stopping the flow of urine, catch your urine in the sterile bottle/container provided.
Finish passing the rest of your urine in the toilet.
You do not need to fill the bottle to the top, any amount is better than none.
what is a lower UTI
infection of the urethra (urethritis), bladder (cystitis) or prostate (prostatitis)
what is an upper UTI
affecting the renal pelvis (pyelonephritis)
what is the most common causative agent of UTI
Escherichia coli
risk factors of UTI
FEMALEs
sexual intercourse, exposure to spermicide, pregnancy, menopause, immunosuppresion, catheterisation
presenting symptoms of UTI; pyelonephritis
flank pain, high fever, malaise, WBCs and bacteria in urine, increased frequency, urgency, dysuria and haematuria
presenting symptoms of UTI; cystitis
increased frequency, urgency, dysuria, suprapubic pain, WBCs and bacteria in urine, haematuria
presenting symptoms of UTI; prostatitis
flu-like symptoms, low backache, few urinary symptoms, swollen or tender prostate on PR
main differential between cystitis and pyelonephritis
vomitting, febrile and loin pain in pyelonephritis
signs of UTI on physical examination
fever, foul smelling urine, abdominal/ loin tenderness, distended bladder and enlarged prostate
what investigations will be done
urine dipstick; blood, nitrites and leucocytes
urine culture; bacteria
urine microscopy; leucocytes
ultrasound; to rule out an obstruction
bloods; FBC, U&Es (renal function), CRP, blood cultures
treatment of UTI
trimethoprin or nitrofurantoin
alternative; co-amoxiclav
possible complications of UTI
AKI and sepsis
recurrent UTI can increase the risk of renal damage
