Prostate Cancer Flashcards
what is prostate cancer
primary malignant neoplasm of the prostate gland
risk factors for prostate cancer
age, afro-caribbean, family Hx, dietary factors, occupational exposure to cadmium, smoking, obesity
epidemiology
common
presenting symptoms of prostate cancer (lower urinary tract obstruction)
Problems urinating Poor stream of urine Blood in semen Discomfort in the pelvic area Bone pain Erectile dysfunction
presenting symptoms of metastatic spread
bone pain, cord compression, systemic symptoms and paraneoplastic syndromes
systemic symptoms?
anorexia, malaise and weight loss
paraneoplastic syndrome?
hypercalcaemia
on physical examination what will be found
asymmetrical, hard nodular prostate
loss of midline sulcus
investigations for prostate cancer
first line- urine dipstick and DRE
bloods (FBC, U&Es, PSA, acid phosphatase, bone profile)
CT/MRI Scan
Assesses extent of local invasion and lymph node involvement
Transrectal Ultrasound and Needle Biopsy
Isotope Bone Scan - check for bone metastases
management of prostate cancer
active surveillance, radiotherapy and surgical management (resection)
for other management?
check quesmed
