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Anatomy Exam 3 > Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT

A

KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT

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2
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A
  • produce urine and hormones

- fluid homeostasis

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3
Q

The kidneys are located ___________, meaning posterior to the abdominal wall.

A

retroperitoneal

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4
Q

Is the right or left kidney higher up?

A

left kidney is higher than the right

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5
Q

The kidney is divided into the _________________ area and the _______.

A
  • cross sectional anatomy

- hilum

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6
Q

What are the two main parts in the cross sectional area?

A
  • cortex

- medulla

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7
Q

What does the cortex contain?

A

nephrons (functional unit of the kidney)

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8
Q
  • The kidney medulla contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the ____ and ______ balance of the blood.
  • The pyramids of the medulla contain ______________ and collecting ducts for all nephrons.
  • The renal papillae contain opening of collecting ducts which drain into what?
  • What do the columns of the kidney contain?
A
  • salt and water
  • long loop of Henle (salt gradient)
  • minor and major calyx
  • arteries and veins
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9
Q

What is located within the hilum?

A
  • renal artery
  • renal vein
  • renal pelvis/ureter
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10
Q

The renal artery braches off of what?

A

abdominal aorta

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11
Q

What does the renal vein drain into?

A

IVC (inferior vena cava)

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12
Q

The renal vein is NOT part of what system?

A

Hepatic Portal Vein System

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13
Q

The ureters connect the ______ to the ________.

A
  • kidney

- bladder

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14
Q

The renal _______ resists ________ under pressure

A
  • capsule

- swelling

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15
Q

The adrenal glands are attached to the ______ of the _______.

A
  • crura

- diaphragm

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16
Q

What two parts make up the adrenal glands?

A
  • adrenal cortex

- adrenal medulla

17
Q

The adrenal cortex is an endocrine gland that secretes what?

A

Steroid hormones

  • cortisol
  • aldosterone
  • androgen
18
Q

The adrenal medulla is an endocrine grand that secretes what? For what reason?

A

epinephrine for the “fight or flight” response

19
Q

The ureters are muscular tubes running ___________ that carry urine from the ________ to the _________

A
  • retroperitoneal

- kidneys to the bladder

20
Q

The urinary bladder is located between ____________ and ________ in male or ________ in female.

A

-pubic bones, rectum/vagina

21
Q

When the urinary bladder is full it protrudes above the pelvic brim into the _______(______) pelvic cavity.

A

greater (false)

22
Q

What are the parts of the urinary bladder?

A
  • apex
  • fundus
  • body
  • neck
  • 2 ureter attachments
  • urethral attachment
  • trigone
  • detrusor muscle
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • external urethral sphincter
23
Q

The apex is located near what?

A

pubic symphysis

24
Q

The fundus forms the _________ wall.

A

posterior

25
Q

The body is between the ______ and the _______

A
  • apex

- fundus

26
Q

The neck forms the attachment for what?

A

urethra

27
Q

What are the 2 uterer attachments called?

A
  • ureteric orifices

- flap valve (prevent back flow to kidney)

28
Q

The trigone is the area of the bladder floor with __ openings, _ ureter openings and _ urethral opening

A

-3,2,1

29
Q

The internal urethral sphincter is a thickening of ________ where ________ attaches

A
  • detrusor

- urethra

30
Q

The external urethral sphincter is associated with _________ muscles.

A

perineal

31
Q

What arteries feed the urinary bladder?

A

branches of internal iliac arteries

32
Q

Veins of the urinary bladder correspond to the arteries and drain via what?

A

internal iliac veins

33
Q

Urine flow overview order:

A
  • Blood
  • Kidney nephron (site of filtration,reabsorption,secretion)
  • Urine in kidney collecting ducts
  • Renal Papillae
  • Minor Calyx
  • Major Calyx
  • Renal Pelvis
  • Ureter
  • Bladder
  • Urethra (internal and external sphincter)
34
Q

The kidney nephron is the site of what?

A
  • filtration
  • reabsorption
  • secretion
35
Q

The urethra is composed of what?

A
  • internal urethral sphincter

- external urethral sphincter

Anatomy Exam 3 (6 decks)

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