Urinary Tract Flashcards
KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT
KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT
What are the functions of the kidneys?
- produce urine and hormones
- fluid homeostasis
The kidneys are located ___________, meaning posterior to the abdominal wall.
retroperitoneal
Is the right or left kidney higher up?
left kidney is higher than the right
The kidney is divided into the _________________ area and the _______.
- cross sectional anatomy
- hilum
What are the two main parts in the cross sectional area?
- cortex
- medulla
What does the cortex contain?
nephrons (functional unit of the kidney)
- The kidney medulla contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the ____ and ______ balance of the blood.
- The pyramids of the medulla contain ______________ and collecting ducts for all nephrons.
- The renal papillae contain opening of collecting ducts which drain into what?
- What do the columns of the kidney contain?
- salt and water
- long loop of Henle (salt gradient)
- minor and major calyx
- arteries and veins
What is located within the hilum?
- renal artery
- renal vein
- renal pelvis/ureter
The renal artery braches off of what?
abdominal aorta
What does the renal vein drain into?
IVC (inferior vena cava)
The renal vein is NOT part of what system?
Hepatic Portal Vein System
The ureters connect the ______ to the ________.
- kidney
- bladder
The renal _______ resists ________ under pressure
- capsule
- swelling
The adrenal glands are attached to the ______ of the _______.
- crura
- diaphragm
What two parts make up the adrenal glands?
- adrenal cortex
- adrenal medulla
The adrenal cortex is an endocrine gland that secretes what?
Steroid hormones
- cortisol
- aldosterone
- androgen
The adrenal medulla is an endocrine grand that secretes what? For what reason?
epinephrine for the “fight or flight” response
The ureters are muscular tubes running ___________ that carry urine from the ________ to the _________
- retroperitoneal
- kidneys to the bladder
The urinary bladder is located between ____________ and ________ in male or ________ in female.
-pubic bones, rectum/vagina
When the urinary bladder is full it protrudes above the pelvic brim into the _______(______) pelvic cavity.
greater (false)
What are the parts of the urinary bladder?
- apex
- fundus
- body
- neck
- 2 ureter attachments
- urethral attachment
- trigone
- detrusor muscle
- internal urethral sphincter
- external urethral sphincter
The apex is located near what?
pubic symphysis
The fundus forms the _________ wall.
posterior
The body is between the ______ and the _______
- apex
- fundus
The neck forms the attachment for what?
urethra
What are the 2 uterer attachments called?
- ureteric orifices
- flap valve (prevent back flow to kidney)
The trigone is the area of the bladder floor with __ openings, _ ureter openings and _ urethral opening
-3,2,1
The internal urethral sphincter is a thickening of ________ where ________ attaches
- detrusor
- urethra
The external urethral sphincter is associated with _________ muscles.
perineal
What arteries feed the urinary bladder?
branches of internal iliac arteries
Veins of the urinary bladder correspond to the arteries and drain via what?
internal iliac veins
Urine flow overview order:
- Blood
- Kidney nephron (site of filtration,reabsorption,secretion)
- Urine in kidney collecting ducts
- Renal Papillae
- Minor Calyx
- Major Calyx
- Renal Pelvis
- Ureter
- Bladder
- Urethra (internal and external sphincter)
The kidney nephron is the site of what?
- filtration
- reabsorption
- secretion
The urethra is composed of what?
- internal urethral sphincter
- external urethral sphincter
