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Anatomy Exam 3 > Calf and Ankle > Flashcards

Calf and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

ANKLE FOOT BONES

A

ANKLE FOOT BONES

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2
Q

What are the 3 bone compartments of the ankle/foot?

A
  • Tarsal bones (7)
  • Metatarsals 1-5
  • Phalanges
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3
Q

What are the 7 bones of the tarsals?

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Medial, lateral, and intermediate cuneiforms
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4
Q

The talus articulates with the ______ and _________ proximal to form the ankle joint, with the _______ and ________ distal to form the intertarsal joints.

A
  • tibia and fibula

- calcaneus and navicular

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the talus?

A
  • body
  • neck
  • head
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6
Q
  • The body of the talus articulates with _______, and the medial and lateral ___________.
  • The head of the talus is the articular surface for the ________.
A
  • tibia
  • malleolus

-navicular

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7
Q

What are the 3 parts of the metatarsals?

A
  • base
  • shaft
  • head
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8
Q
  • The base of the metatarsals articulates with the ________.

- The head of the metatarsals articulates with the ________________.

A
  • tarsals

- proximal phalange

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9
Q

The base of the phalanges are _________ while the head is _________.

A
  • proximal

- distal

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10
Q

TIBIOFIBULAR JOINTS

A

TIBIOFIBULAR JOINTS

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11
Q

The proximal tibiofibular joint is an articulation between the ____ of the fibula and the ________________ of the tibia.
-The proximal tibiofibular joint is a __________ joint.

A
  • head, lateral epicondyle/plateua

- planar type synovial

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12
Q

What are the ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A
  • strong capsule
  • anterior and posterior ligaments of the fibular head
  • interosseous membrane
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13
Q

The proximal tibiofibular joint generally ________ move; allows slight elevation during _________.

A
  • doesn’t

- dorsiflexion

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14
Q
  • The distal tibiofibular joint is an articulation between the medial surface of the distal end of the fibula with the __________ of the tibia.
  • This joint is ________________, not a synovial joint.
A
  • fibular notch

- syndesmosis (amphiarthrosis)

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15
Q

What are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?

A
  • interosseous tibiofibular ligament
  • anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
  • inferior transverse ligament
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16
Q

The interosseous tibiofibular ligament runs from superior ______ to infereior ______, allowing slight elevation of the ________.

A
  • tibia,fibula

- fibula

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17
Q

The inferior transverse ligament keeps the ______ from sliding _________ (lateral and medial walls are formed by the malleoli).

A

talus, posterior

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18
Q

ANKLE JOINT

A

ANKLE JOINT

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19
Q

The ankle joint is also called what?

A

talocrucal joint

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20
Q

What are the articulations of the ankle joint and which one is the weight bearing connection?

A
  • fibulotalar, tibiotalar

- tibiotalar

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21
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

hinge type synovial

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22
Q

What are the three ligaments of the talocrucal joint?

A
  • interosseous ligament
  • joint capsule
  • collateral ligaments
    • lateral (fibular) collateral
    • medial (tibial) collateral
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23
Q

The interosseous ligament holds the medial and lateral _________ to the trochlea of the talus.

A

malleoli

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24
Q

The collateral ligaments of the ankle along with the _______ limit ab/adduction, and rotation of the ankle joint to ______ when the foot is plantar flexed.

A
  • malleoli

- wobble

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25
Q

What limits abduction at the ankle?

What limits adduction at the ankle?

A
  • lateral malleolus, medial collateral ligament

- medial malleolus, lateral collateral ligament

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26
Q

What are the movements of the ankle joint?

A

Plantar and dorsiflexion with a little wobble when plantar flexed.

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27
Q

The body of the talus is wider ________ and narrower _______. This is what causes a looser, less stable fit when in __________.

A
  • anterior, posterior

- plantarflexion

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28
Q

ANTERIOR/LATERAL COMPARTMENTS OF LEG

A

ANTERIOR/LATERAL COMPARTMENTS OF LEG

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29
Q

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg pass over the ankle joint and under the _______________ to __________

A
  • extensor retinaculum

- dorsiflex

30
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallicus longus
  • Fibularis tertius
31
Q

All anterior compartment muscles are innervated by what?

A

Fibular nerve

32
Q

Tibialis Anterior:

  • Attachment
    • The tibialis anterior runs from the _______ to the __________.
  • Action
    • What does the tibialis anterior do at the ankle?
    • What does the tibialis do at the intertarsal joint?
A
  • tibia/fibula/IO membrane
  • medial tarsal and base metatarsal 1
  • dorsiflexion
  • inversion
33
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus:

  • Attachment
    • The extensor digitorum longus goes from _______ to ___________.
  • Action
    • What does the extensor digitorum do at the ankle?
    • What does the extensor digitorum do at the digits?
A
  • tibia/fibula/IO membrane
  • extensor expansion of digits 2-5
  • dorsiflexion
  • extension
34
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus:

  • Attachment
    • The extensor hallicus longus goes from ________ to _________.
  • Action
    • The extensor hallicus longus does what at the ankle?
    • The extensor hallicus longus does what at the hallux?

This muscle can also do what at the intertarsals?

A
  • tibia/fibula/IO membrane
  • extensor expansion digit 1 = hallux
  • dorsiflexion
  • extension

-inversion

35
Q

Fibularis Tertius:

  • Attachment
    • The fibular tertius goes from the _______ to the ________.
  • Action
    • The fibularis tertius does what at the ankle?
    • The fibularis tertius does what at the intertarsal joints?
A
  • fibula/IO membrane
  • base of metatarsal 5
  • dorsiflexion
  • eversion
36
Q

As a rule of thumb, all fibularis muscles do what?

37
Q

Over top of these muscles we have a ________ that is there to prevent ___________.

A
  • retinaculum

- bowstringing

38
Q

What are the 4 parts of this retinaculum?

A
  • Superior extensor retinaculum
  • Superior fibular retinaculum
  • Inferior extensor retinaculum
  • Inferior fibular retinaculum
39
Q

The superior and inferior fibular retinaculum are extensions of the __________ and contain the ____________ and _______ tendons.

A
  • superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

- fibularis longus and brevis tendons

40
Q

What are the 2 lateral compartment muscles?

A
  • Fibularis longus

- Fibularis brevis

41
Q

Both the lateral compartment muscles are innervated by what?

A

fibular nerve

42
Q

These 2 muscles also pass under the ____________ to _________ at the ankle?

A
  • fibularis retinaculum

- plantarflex

43
Q

Fibularis Longus:

  • Attachment
    • The fibularis longus goes from the ________ to the ___________.
  • Action
    • The fibularis longus does what at the ankle?
    • The fibularis longus does what at the intertarsal joints?
A
  • fibula
  • base of metatarsal 1
  • plantarflex
  • maintains transverse arch, eversion
44
Q

Fibularis Brevis:

  • Attachment
    • The fibularis brevis goes from the _______ to the _________.
  • Action
    • The fibularis brevis does what at the ankle?
    • The fibularis brevis does what at the intertarsal joints?
A
  • fibula
  • base of metatarsal 5
  • plantar flexion
  • eversion
45
Q

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

A

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

46
Q

The posterior compartment of the leg is divided into ________ and ______ muscles.

A

Superficial and deep

47
Q

The superficial muscles form the ________ and share a common tendon, the ________________ which is stabilized by the ______________.

A
  • triceps surae
  • calcaneal or Achilles tendon
  • flexor retinaculum
48
Q

What are the 2 superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A
  • Gastrocnemius

- Soleus

49
Q

Both the superficial muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

50
Q

Gastrocnemius:

  • Attachment
    • The gastrocnemius goes from the __________ to the __________ to the ___________.
  • Action
    • What does the gastrocnemius do at the knee?
    • What does the gastrocnemius do at the ankle?
A
  • medial and lateral condyles of the femur
  • calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
  • calcaneal tuberosity (heel)
  • flexion
  • plantar flexion
51
Q

Soleus:

  • Attachment
    • The soleus goes from the ________ to the _________ to the _________.
  • Action
    • The soleus does what at the ankle?
A
  • tibia/fibula/IO membrane
  • calcaneous (Achilles) tendon
  • calcaneal tuberosity (heel)

-plantarflexion

52
Q

The gastroc is mostly _______ (_________) fibers while the soleus is mostly _______(_______) fibers.

A
  • white (anaerobic type II)

- red (aerobic type I)

53
Q

Which muscle serves as the inferior lateral and medial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Gastrocnemius

54
Q

What are the 4 deep muscles of the posterior leg?

A
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor hallicis longus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
55
Q

All of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment are innervated by what nerve?

A

Tibial nerve

56
Q

Popliteus:

  • Attachment
    • The popliteus goes from the ______ to the ___________.
  • Action
    • What does the popliteus do at the knee?
A
  • tibia
  • lateral meniscus/femur/lateral condyle
  • unlock the knee from full extension
  • slightly flex
57
Q

Tibialis Posterior:

  • Attachment
    • The tibialis posterior goes from the ___________ to the __________.
  • Action
    • What does the tibialis posterior do at the ankle?
    • What does the tibialis posterior do at the intertarsal joints?
A
  • tibia/fibula/IO membrane
  • tarsals and base metatarsals 2-4
  • plantar flexion
  • maintain transverse arch, inversion
58
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus:

  • Attachment
    • The flexor hallucis longus goes from the _______ to the ________
  • Action
    • What does the flexor hallucis longus do at the ankle?
    • What does the flexor hallucis longus do at the intertarsal joints?
    • What does the flexor hallucis longus do at the 1st digit?
A
  • tibia/fibula/IO membrane
  • distal phalange digit 1
  • plantar flexion
  • inversion
  • flexion
59
Q

Flexor digitorum longus:

  • Attachment
    • The flexor digitorum longus goes from the _______ to the ________.
  • Action
    • What does the flexor digitorus longus do at the ankle?
    • What does the flexor digitorum longus do at the intertarsal joints?
    • What does the flexor hallucis longus do at digits 2-5?
A
  • tibia/fibula/IO membrane
  • distal phalanges 2-5
  • plantarflexion
  • inversion
  • flex
60
Q

POPLITEAL FOSSA

A

POPLITEAL FOSSA

61
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • Superior lateral= biceps femoris
  • Superior medial= semitendinosus and semimembranosus
  • Inferior lateral and medial= gastrocnemius
62
Q

Contents of the popliteal fossa:

  • What are the arteries and veins?
  • What are the main nerves?
  • What are the muscles?
A

Arteries

  • Popliteal arteries and veins + small saphenous vein entering popliteal vein
    • genicular branches of popliteal artery

Nerves

  • Saphenous nerve
  • Tibial and fibular nerves (cumulatively = sciatic nerve)
    • medial sural nerve from tibial nerve to lateral leg
    • lateral sural nerve from fibular nerve to post. leg/med ankle
  • Posterior cutaneous nerve
  • Lymph nodes and vessels

Muscles
-popliteus and plantaris

63
Q

NERVES

64
Q

What nerve feeds the anterior compartment?

A

deep fibular nerve

65
Q

What nerve feeds the lateral compartment?

A

superficial fibular nerve

66
Q

What nerve feeds the posterior compartment?

A

tibial nerve

and sural nerve

67
Q

BLOOD VESSELS

A

BLOOD VESSELS

68
Q

What blood vessels are in the popliteal region?

A
  • popliteal artery and vein
    • genicular branches
  • great saphenous
69
Q

What blood vessels are in the anterior compartment?

A

anterior tibial artery and vein

70
Q

What blood vessels are in the lateral compartment?

A

perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries

71
Q

What blood vessels are in the posterior compartment?

A
  • posterior tibial and fibular arteries and veins

- great saphenous vein

Anatomy Exam 3 (6 decks)

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