Gluteal and Posterior Thigh, Knee Flashcards
1
Q
TIBIA AND FIBULA
A
TIBIA AND FIBULA
2
Q
The tibia articulates with the ______ to form the knee joint., It articulates with the _____ proximal and distal, and it articulates with the ______ to form most of the ankle joint.
A
- femur
- fibula
- talus
3
Q
What are the parts of the tibia?
A
- medial condyle and associated knee articular surface = medial plateua
- lateral condyle and associated knee articular surface = lateral plateau
- intercondylar area
- articular facet for head of fibula
- tibial tuberosity
- anterolateral tibial (Gerdy) tubercle
- interosseous border
- medial malleolus
- fibular notch
- articular surface for talus
4
Q
The articular facet for the head of the fibula forms the ________ _________ joint.
A
proximal tibiofibular
5
Q
The tibial tuberosity is the attachment for the _______ ligament
A
patellar
6
Q
The anterolateral (______) tubercle is the attachment for the __________
A
- Gerdy
- iliotibial band
7
Q
The interosseous border is the attachement for the ____________ ________
A
interosseous membrane
8
Q
The medial malleolus forms part of what joint?
A
ankle
9
Q
The ______ _____ forms the distal tibiofibular joint. It is a __________ joint
A
- fibular notch
- syndesmosis
10
Q
Gerdy tubercle is also considered the distal attachment for the _________ and _________ because the IT band is a common tendon for those muscles.
A
- gluteus maximus
- tensor fascia latae
11
Q
What limits adduction at the ankle joint?
A
medial malleolus
12
Q
The fibula articulates with the ______ proximal and distal, and with the ______.
A
- tibia
- talus
13
Q
What are the parts of the fibula?
A
- head
- interosseous border
- lateral malleolus
- articular surface for talus
14
Q
The lateral malleolus has a articular surface for the talus. It limits __________ at the ankle joint
A
abduction
15
Q
KNEE JOINT
A
KNEE JOINT
16
Q
How many articulations are there at the knee joint?
A
3
17
Q
We have 2 _________ articulations and 1 __________ articulation.
A
- femerotibial
- femoropatellar
18
Q
Femorotibial Articulations:
- What forms the medial femorotibial articulation?
- What forms the lateral femorotibial articulation?
Femoropatellar Articulation:
Formed between the _____ and _________
A
- medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle
- lateral femoral condyle and lateral tibial condyle
-femur and patella
19
Q
The knee joint is considered a _______ _____ ____ synovial joint. Because of this it is considered ________.
A
- shallow hinge type
- unstable
2 marbles on a warped table
20
Q
The knee joint capsule is ______ but has an incomplete ______ _______ for the tendon of the ________ muscle.
A
- strong
- posterior opening
- popliteus
21
Q
_________/____ synovial folds divides the knee joint into medial and lateral articulations.
A
-intrapatellar/alar
22
Q
The joint is divided into _________ and _________ ligaments
A
extracapsular and intracapsular
23
Q
What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments?
A
- patellar ligament
- lateral and medial patella retinacula
- collateral ligaments
- fibular (lateral) collateral
- tibial (medial) collateral
24
Q
The patellar ligament is the distal part of the ____________ tendon and goes from the _______ to the _______ tuberosity
A
- quadriceps
- patella to the tibial tuberosity
25
The lateral and medial patellar retinacula are extensions of the __________ (___________) and the ____________ (___________) that contribute to the joint capsule laterally and medially to help keep the ________ aligned.
- vastus lateralis (vastus lateralis oblique)
- vastus medialis (vastus medialis oblique)
- patella
26
- The collateral ligaments are divided into what 2 parts?
- These ligaments are relaxed when the knee is ______ and taught when the knee is _________.
- They limit ________ and _________.
The fibular collateral attaches at the _______ __________ of the femur and goes to the ______________. It limits ___________
The tibial collateral goes from the _______________ of the femur to the ____________. It limits ________.
- fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
- flexed, extended
- hyperextension, rotation
- lateral epicondyle, lateral fibular head
- limits adduction
- medial epicondyle, medial proximal tibia
- limits abduction
27
What are the 2 intracapsular ligaments?
- cruciate ligaments
- anterior
- posterior
- menisci
- coronary ligaments
- transverse ligament
- medial meniscus
- lateral meniscus
28
The cruciate ligament is divided into ________ and __________.
anterior (ACL) and posterior (PCL)
29
- The anterior cruciate ligament goes from the ___________ to the _________________.
- It prevent the femur from sliding ________ and the tibia from sliding _______. It also opposes __________.
- anterior intercondylar area of tibia, posterior medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur.
- posterior, anterior, hyperextension
30
- The posterior cruciate ligament goes from the ___________ to the ____________.
- It prevents the femur from sliding ________ and the tibia from sliding ________. It also opposes _______
- posterior intercondylar area of tibia, anterior lateral surface of medial condyle of the femur
- anterior, posterior, hyperflexion
31
The menisci are fibrocartilage wedges that act as ________ and create a lip to the shallow sockets of the ______.
- cushion
| - tibia
32
The coronary ligament attaches the menisci to the ridge of the _________________
tibial condyles
33
The transverse ligament inter connects the ________ surface of the medial and lateral _________ across the intercondylar space.
- anterior
| - menisci
34
The medial meniscus is attached to the __________ space anterior and posterior. Medially it is attached to the ___________.
- intercondylar
| - medial (tibial) collateral ligament
35
The lateral meniscus is attached to the _________ tendon posteriorly and also attached to the medial condyle of the femur posteriorly by the _______________
- popliteus
| - meniscofemoral ligament
36
Which of the meniscus has more movement?
lateral meniscus
37
What are the movements of the knee?
- flexion/extension
- medial/lateral rotation
- limited rolling or traveling
38
- The suprapatellar bursa is an extension of the joint capsule between the lateral and medial edges of the ______ and the ______, and between the __________ tendon and the ______.
- It is attached to the __________ (muscle derived from the vastus intermedius) which lifts the suprapatellar bursa during ________ of the leg to prevent pinching of the bursa between the patella and the femur.
- patella and the femur
- quadriceps tendon and the femur
- articularis genu
- extension
39
There are __ bursa at the knee
12
40
The knee is an unstable joint, it is not well fitted due to the _______ conclave surface of the tibial condyles. Allows gliding to rotate when ______ (collateral ligaments loose), and roll (travel anterior/posterior instead of spinning in place).
- shallow
| - flexed
41
The joint is stabilized by the ______ and ______ crossing the joint (quadriceps, hamstrings). Also stabilized by the ________
- muscles and tendons
| - ligaments
42
The Q angle is the angle between the axis of the ______ and the axis of the _____. An increase in the Q angle results in _______ (knees closer together). A decrease in the Q angle results in ______ (bow leg)
- femur, tibia
- valgus
- varus
43
What is knee lock?
When the knee if fully extended the femur medially rotates into the tibia to lock the knee.
44
GLUTEAL REGION
GLUTEAL REGION
45
The ligaments hold the hips to the sacrum to form the ________.
pelvis
46
What are the ligaments of the gluteal region?
- anterior and posterior sacroiliac
- sacrotuberous
- sacrospinous
47
The sacrotuberous ligament goes from the ______ to the ____________
sacrum to the ischial tuberosity
48
The sacrospinous ligament goes from the sacrum to the ___________. This ligament acts to seperate the _________ and _________ notches.
- sacrum to ischial spine
| - lesser and greater sciatic
49
The greater sciatic foramen is a passageway for nerves and vessels entering or leaving the ________. It is formed by what?
- pelvic cavity
| - greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous, sacroiliac
50
The lesser sciatic foramen is the passageway for nerves and vessels entering or leaving the ________. It is formed by what?
- perineum
| - lesser sciatic notch, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous
51
GLUTEAL MUSCLES
GLUTEAL MUSCLES
52
The gluteal muscles are divided into a ________ and _________ layer.
superficial and deep
53
What are the 4 muscles of the superficial layer?
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
54
Gluteus Maximus:
- Attachment
- The gluteus maximus goes from the _____,_______,______ to the _____________ of the femur deep and the ________/__________ superficial.
-Innervation
The gluteus maximus is innervated by the _______________ nerve
- Action
- The gluteus maximus does what at the hip?
- ilium, sacrum, coccyx
- gluteal tuberosity of the femur
- IT band/ Gerdy tubercle
- inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,2)
- extend, lateral rotate, abduct when synergist w/ TFL
55
Gluteus Medius:
- Attachment
- The gluteus medius goes from the ____ of the ilium to the ________ of the femur.
- Innervation
- The gluteus medius is innervated by the ________.
- Action
- The gluteus medius does what at the hip?
- ala of the ilium, greater trochanter of femur
- superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)
- Primarily abduct at the hip
56
Gluteus Minimus:
- Attachment
- The gluteus medius goes from the ____ of the ilium to the ________ of the femur.
- Innervation
- The gluteus minimus is innervated by the ________.
- Action
- The gluteus minimus does what at the hip?
- ala of the ilium, greater trochanter of femur
- superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)
- Primarily abduct at the hip
57
Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL):
- Attachment
- The TFL goes from the ________ of the ilium to the _______/________.
- Innervation
- The TFL is innervated by the ____________.
- Action
- The TFL does what at the hip?
- ASIS and crest of ilium, IT band/Gerdy tubercle
- superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)
- flex, lateral rotation, abduct in synergy with the gluteus maximus.
58
What are the 5 muscles of the deep layer?
- Piriformis
- Obturator Internus
- Superior and Inferior Gemelli
- Quadratus Femoris
- Obturator Externus
59
All of the deep layer muscles act to __________ and _______ at the hip except for the __________ which only does __________.
- externally rotate and abduct
| - quadratus femoris which only does external rotation
60
Piriformis:
- Attachment
- The piriformis goes from the ______ to the __________ of the femur.
- Innervation
- The piriformis is innervated by the ____________.
-Note that the piriformis passes through the ____________.
- sacrum, greater trochanter of the femur
- lumbosacral plexus (S1,,2)
- greater sciatic foramen
61
Obturator internus:
- Attachment
- The obturator internus goes from the ____________ to the _______ of the femur.
- Innervation
- The obturator internus is innervated by the __________.
Note that the obturator internus passes through the ______________ and has a common tendon with the _______. The bursa of the ubturator internus is between the muscle and the ________.
- deep surface of obturator membrane, greater trochanter
- lumbosacral plexus (L5,S1)
- lesser sciatic foramen
- gemellis
- ischium
62
Superior and Inferior Gemelli:
- Attachment
- The gemelli goes from the ________ and ________ to the ____________ of the femur.
- Innervation
- The gemelli is innervated by the ___________.
- ischial spine and tuberosity, greater trochanter
| - lumbosacral plexus (L5,S1)
63
Quadratus femoris:
- Attachment
- The quadratus femoris goes from the _______ to the ___________.
- Innervation
- The quadratus femoris is innervated by the _______.
- ischial tuberosity, intertrochanteric
| - lumbosacral plexus (L5,S1)
64
Obturator externus:
- Attachment
- The obturator externus goes from the ______________ to the _____________.
- Innervation
- The obturator externus is innervated by the __________.
- external surface obturator membrane, greater trochanter
| - obturator nerve (L3,4)
65
Nerves of the gluteal region?
- superior gluteal
- inferior gluteal
- nerve to obturator internus
- nerve to quadratus femoris
- posterior branches of ventral rami S1 and S2 to the piriformis
- clunial nerves (superior, middle, inferior) supply cutaneous innervations
66
The superior and inferior gluteal nerves are seperated by what?
Piriformis
| -superior goes above, inferoir below
67
Blood vessels of the gluteal region?
- Internal Iliac Artery
- superior gluteal a.
- inferior gluteal a.
- obturator a.
- Internal Iliac Veins
- superior gluteal v.
- inferior gluteal v.
- obturator v.
68
POSTERIOR THIGH = HAMSTRING MUSCLES
POSTERIOR THIGH = HAMSTRING MUSCLES
69
What are the 3 muscles of the posterior thigh?
- Semitendinosis
- Semimembranosis
- Biceps femoris
- long head
- short head
70
Semitendinosis:
- Attachment
- The semitendinosis goes from the __________ to the _____________.
- Innervation
- The semitendinosis is innervated by the ___________.
- Action
- The semitendinosis does what at the hip?
- The semitendinosis does what at the knee?
-Note that this muscle forms part of the ___________ with the Sartorious and Gracilis.
- ischial tuberosity, proximal medial posterior of the tibia = pes anserinus
- tibial nerve (L5,S1,2)
- extend, internal rotation
- flexion
-pes anserinus
71
Semimembranosis:
- Attachment
- The semimembranosis goes from the __________ to the _____________.
- Innervation
- The semimembranosis is innervated by the ___________.
- Action
- The semimembranosis does what at the hip?
- The semimembranosis does what at the knee?
- ischial tuberosity, medial plateau of the tibia
- tibial nerve (L5,S1,2)
- extend, internal rotation
- flexion
72
Biceps Femoris:
Long head:
-Attachment
-The long head of the biceps femoris goes from the ________ to the ______________.
- Innervation
- The long head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the ____________.
-Action
-The long head does what at the hip?
-The long head does what at the knee?
___________________________________
Short head:
- Attachment
- The short head of the biceps femoris goes from the _________ to the ____________.
- Innervation
- The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the _______________.
- Action
- The short head does what at the knee joint?
- ischial tuberosity, tibial lateral plateau/fibula
- tibial nerve (L5,S1,2)
-extend, external rotation
-flexion
____________________________________
-linea aspira of the femur, tibia lateral plateau/fibula
- fibular nerve (L5,S1,2)
- flexion, external rotation
73
Nerves of the posterior thigh?
- Sciatic nerve
- tibial branch-anterior division to flexors
- fibular branch-posterior division to extensors
- L4-S3 ventral rami exits pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
74
Blood vessels of the posterior thigh?
- Deep artery of thigh (deep femoral artery) from the femoral artery has perforating branches supplying posterior thigh structures
- Deep veins of thigh and perforating veins accompanying the arteries.
- Superficial veins of thigh= great saphenous and branches with drain into the deep vein via perforating veins.
