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Anatomy Exam 3 > Gluteal and Posterior Thigh, Knee > Flashcards

Gluteal and Posterior Thigh, Knee Flashcards

1
Q

TIBIA AND FIBULA

A

TIBIA AND FIBULA

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2
Q

The tibia articulates with the ______ to form the knee joint., It articulates with the _____ proximal and distal, and it articulates with the ______ to form most of the ankle joint.

A
  • femur
  • fibula
  • talus
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3
Q

What are the parts of the tibia?

A
  • medial condyle and associated knee articular surface = medial plateua
  • lateral condyle and associated knee articular surface = lateral plateau
  • intercondylar area
  • articular facet for head of fibula
  • tibial tuberosity
  • anterolateral tibial (Gerdy) tubercle
  • interosseous border
  • medial malleolus
  • fibular notch
  • articular surface for talus
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4
Q

The articular facet for the head of the fibula forms the ________ _________ joint.

A

proximal tibiofibular

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5
Q

The tibial tuberosity is the attachment for the _______ ligament

A

patellar

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6
Q

The anterolateral (______) tubercle is the attachment for the __________

A
  • Gerdy

- iliotibial band

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7
Q

The interosseous border is the attachement for the ____________ ________

A

interosseous membrane

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8
Q

The medial malleolus forms part of what joint?

A

ankle

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9
Q

The ______ _____ forms the distal tibiofibular joint. It is a __________ joint

A
  • fibular notch

- syndesmosis

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10
Q

Gerdy tubercle is also considered the distal attachment for the _________ and _________ because the IT band is a common tendon for those muscles.

A
  • gluteus maximus

- tensor fascia latae

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11
Q

What limits adduction at the ankle joint?

A

medial malleolus

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12
Q

The fibula articulates with the ______ proximal and distal, and with the ______.

A
  • tibia

- talus

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13
Q

What are the parts of the fibula?

A
  • head
  • interosseous border
  • lateral malleolus
  • articular surface for talus
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14
Q

The lateral malleolus has a articular surface for the talus. It limits __________ at the ankle joint

A

abduction

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15
Q

KNEE JOINT

A

KNEE JOINT

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16
Q

How many articulations are there at the knee joint?

A

3

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17
Q

We have 2 _________ articulations and 1 __________ articulation.

A
  • femerotibial

- femoropatellar

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18
Q

Femorotibial Articulations:

  • What forms the medial femorotibial articulation?
  • What forms the lateral femorotibial articulation?

Femoropatellar Articulation:
Formed between the _____ and _________

A
  • medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle
  • lateral femoral condyle and lateral tibial condyle

-femur and patella

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19
Q

The knee joint is considered a _______ _____ ____ synovial joint. Because of this it is considered ________.

A
  • shallow hinge type
  • unstable

2 marbles on a warped table

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20
Q

The knee joint capsule is ______ but has an incomplete ______ _______ for the tendon of the ________ muscle.

A
  • strong
  • posterior opening
  • popliteus
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21
Q

_________/____ synovial folds divides the knee joint into medial and lateral articulations.

A

-intrapatellar/alar

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22
Q

The joint is divided into _________ and _________ ligaments

A

extracapsular and intracapsular

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23
Q

What are the 3 extracapsular ligaments?

A
  • patellar ligament
  • lateral and medial patella retinacula
  • collateral ligaments
    • fibular (lateral) collateral
    • tibial (medial) collateral
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24
Q

The patellar ligament is the distal part of the ____________ tendon and goes from the _______ to the _______ tuberosity

A
  • quadriceps

- patella to the tibial tuberosity

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25
Q

The lateral and medial patellar retinacula are extensions of the __________ (___________) and the ____________ (___________) that contribute to the joint capsule laterally and medially to help keep the ________ aligned.

A
  • vastus lateralis (vastus lateralis oblique)
  • vastus medialis (vastus medialis oblique)
  • patella
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26
Q
  • The collateral ligaments are divided into what 2 parts?
  • These ligaments are relaxed when the knee is ______ and taught when the knee is _________.
  • They limit ________ and _________.

The fibular collateral attaches at the _______ __________ of the femur and goes to the ______________. It limits ___________

The tibial collateral goes from the _______________ of the femur to the ____________. It limits ________.

A
  • fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
  • flexed, extended
  • hyperextension, rotation
  • lateral epicondyle, lateral fibular head
  • limits adduction
  • medial epicondyle, medial proximal tibia
  • limits abduction
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27
Q

What are the 2 intracapsular ligaments?

A
  • cruciate ligaments
    • anterior
    • posterior
  • menisci
    • coronary ligaments
    • transverse ligament
    • medial meniscus
    • lateral meniscus
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28
Q

The cruciate ligament is divided into ________ and __________.

A

anterior (ACL) and posterior (PCL)

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29
Q
  • The anterior cruciate ligament goes from the ___________ to the _________________.
  • It prevent the femur from sliding ________ and the tibia from sliding _______. It also opposes __________.
A
  • anterior intercondylar area of tibia, posterior medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur.
  • posterior, anterior, hyperextension
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30
Q
  • The posterior cruciate ligament goes from the ___________ to the ____________.
  • It prevents the femur from sliding ________ and the tibia from sliding ________. It also opposes _______
A
  • posterior intercondylar area of tibia, anterior lateral surface of medial condyle of the femur
  • anterior, posterior, hyperflexion
31
Q

The menisci are fibrocartilage wedges that act as ________ and create a lip to the shallow sockets of the ______.

A
  • cushion

- tibia

32
Q

The coronary ligament attaches the menisci to the ridge of the _________________

A

tibial condyles

33
Q

The transverse ligament inter connects the ________ surface of the medial and lateral _________ across the intercondylar space.

A
  • anterior

- menisci

34
Q

The medial meniscus is attached to the __________ space anterior and posterior. Medially it is attached to the ___________.

A
  • intercondylar

- medial (tibial) collateral ligament

35
Q

The lateral meniscus is attached to the _________ tendon posteriorly and also attached to the medial condyle of the femur posteriorly by the _______________

A
  • popliteus

- meniscofemoral ligament

36
Q

Which of the meniscus has more movement?

A

lateral meniscus

37
Q

What are the movements of the knee?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • medial/lateral rotation
  • limited rolling or traveling
38
Q
  • The suprapatellar bursa is an extension of the joint capsule between the lateral and medial edges of the ______ and the ______, and between the __________ tendon and the ______.
  • It is attached to the __________ (muscle derived from the vastus intermedius) which lifts the suprapatellar bursa during ________ of the leg to prevent pinching of the bursa between the patella and the femur.
A
  • patella and the femur
  • quadriceps tendon and the femur
  • articularis genu
  • extension
39
Q

There are __ bursa at the knee

A

12

40
Q

The knee is an unstable joint, it is not well fitted due to the _______ conclave surface of the tibial condyles. Allows gliding to rotate when ______ (collateral ligaments loose), and roll (travel anterior/posterior instead of spinning in place).

A
  • shallow

- flexed

41
Q

The joint is stabilized by the ______ and ______ crossing the joint (quadriceps, hamstrings). Also stabilized by the ________

A
  • muscles and tendons

- ligaments

42
Q

The Q angle is the angle between the axis of the ______ and the axis of the _____. An increase in the Q angle results in _______ (knees closer together). A decrease in the Q angle results in ______ (bow leg)

A
  • femur, tibia
  • valgus
  • varus
43
Q

What is knee lock?

A

When the knee if fully extended the femur medially rotates into the tibia to lock the knee.

44
Q

GLUTEAL REGION

A

GLUTEAL REGION

45
Q

The ligaments hold the hips to the sacrum to form the ________.

A

pelvis

46
Q

What are the ligaments of the gluteal region?

A
  • anterior and posterior sacroiliac
  • sacrotuberous
  • sacrospinous
47
Q

The sacrotuberous ligament goes from the ______ to the ____________

A

sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

48
Q

The sacrospinous ligament goes from the sacrum to the ___________. This ligament acts to seperate the _________ and _________ notches.

A
  • sacrum to ischial spine

- lesser and greater sciatic

49
Q

The greater sciatic foramen is a passageway for nerves and vessels entering or leaving the ________. It is formed by what?

A
  • pelvic cavity

- greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous, sacroiliac

50
Q

The lesser sciatic foramen is the passageway for nerves and vessels entering or leaving the ________. It is formed by what?

A
  • perineum

- lesser sciatic notch, sacrotuberous, sacrospinous

51
Q

GLUTEAL MUSCLES

A

GLUTEAL MUSCLES

52
Q

The gluteal muscles are divided into a ________ and _________ layer.

A

superficial and deep

53
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the superficial layer?

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fascia latae (TFL)
54
Q

Gluteus Maximus:

  • Attachment
    • The gluteus maximus goes from the _____,_______,______ to the _____________ of the femur deep and the ________/__________ superficial.

-Innervation
The gluteus maximus is innervated by the _______________ nerve

  • Action
    • The gluteus maximus does what at the hip?
A
  • ilium, sacrum, coccyx
  • gluteal tuberosity of the femur
  • IT band/ Gerdy tubercle
  • inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,2)
  • extend, lateral rotate, abduct when synergist w/ TFL
55
Q

Gluteus Medius:

  • Attachment
    • The gluteus medius goes from the ____ of the ilium to the ________ of the femur.
  • Innervation
    • The gluteus medius is innervated by the ________.
  • Action
    • The gluteus medius does what at the hip?
A
  • ala of the ilium, greater trochanter of femur
  • superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)
  • Primarily abduct at the hip
56
Q

Gluteus Minimus:

  • Attachment
    • The gluteus medius goes from the ____ of the ilium to the ________ of the femur.
  • Innervation
    • The gluteus minimus is innervated by the ________.
  • Action
    • The gluteus minimus does what at the hip?
A
  • ala of the ilium, greater trochanter of femur
  • superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)
  • Primarily abduct at the hip
57
Q

Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL):

  • Attachment
    • The TFL goes from the ________ of the ilium to the _______/________.
  • Innervation
    • The TFL is innervated by the ____________.
  • Action
    • The TFL does what at the hip?
A
  • ASIS and crest of ilium, IT band/Gerdy tubercle
  • superior gluteal nerve (L5,S1)
  • flex, lateral rotation, abduct in synergy with the gluteus maximus.
58
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the deep layer?

A
  • Piriformis
  • Obturator Internus
  • Superior and Inferior Gemelli
  • Quadratus Femoris
  • Obturator Externus
59
Q

All of the deep layer muscles act to __________ and _______ at the hip except for the __________ which only does __________.

A
  • externally rotate and abduct

- quadratus femoris which only does external rotation

60
Q

Piriformis:

  • Attachment
    • The piriformis goes from the ______ to the __________ of the femur.
  • Innervation
    • The piriformis is innervated by the ____________.

-Note that the piriformis passes through the ____________.

A
  • sacrum, greater trochanter of the femur
  • lumbosacral plexus (S1,,2)
  • greater sciatic foramen
61
Q

Obturator internus:

  • Attachment
    • The obturator internus goes from the ____________ to the _______ of the femur.
  • Innervation
    • The obturator internus is innervated by the __________.

Note that the obturator internus passes through the ______________ and has a common tendon with the _______. The bursa of the ubturator internus is between the muscle and the ________.

A
  • deep surface of obturator membrane, greater trochanter
  • lumbosacral plexus (L5,S1)
  • lesser sciatic foramen
  • gemellis
  • ischium
62
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli:

  • Attachment
    • The gemelli goes from the ________ and ________ to the ____________ of the femur.
  • Innervation
    • The gemelli is innervated by the ___________.
A
  • ischial spine and tuberosity, greater trochanter

- lumbosacral plexus (L5,S1)

63
Q

Quadratus femoris:

  • Attachment
    • The quadratus femoris goes from the _______ to the ___________.
  • Innervation
    • The quadratus femoris is innervated by the _______.
A
  • ischial tuberosity, intertrochanteric

- lumbosacral plexus (L5,S1)

64
Q

Obturator externus:

  • Attachment
    • The obturator externus goes from the ______________ to the _____________.
  • Innervation
    • The obturator externus is innervated by the __________.
A
  • external surface obturator membrane, greater trochanter

- obturator nerve (L3,4)

65
Q

Nerves of the gluteal region?

A
  • superior gluteal
  • inferior gluteal
  • nerve to obturator internus
  • nerve to quadratus femoris
  • posterior branches of ventral rami S1 and S2 to the piriformis
  • clunial nerves (superior, middle, inferior) supply cutaneous innervations
66
Q

The superior and inferior gluteal nerves are seperated by what?

A

Piriformis

-superior goes above, inferoir below

67
Q

Blood vessels of the gluteal region?

A
  • Internal Iliac Artery
    • superior gluteal a.
    • inferior gluteal a.
    • obturator a.
  • Internal Iliac Veins
    • superior gluteal v.
    • inferior gluteal v.
    • obturator v.
68
Q

POSTERIOR THIGH = HAMSTRING MUSCLES

A

POSTERIOR THIGH = HAMSTRING MUSCLES

69
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the posterior thigh?

A
  • Semitendinosis
  • Semimembranosis
  • Biceps femoris
    • long head
    • short head
70
Q

Semitendinosis:

  • Attachment
    • The semitendinosis goes from the __________ to the _____________.
  • Innervation
    • The semitendinosis is innervated by the ___________.
  • Action
    • The semitendinosis does what at the hip?
    • The semitendinosis does what at the knee?

-Note that this muscle forms part of the ___________ with the Sartorious and Gracilis.

A
  • ischial tuberosity, proximal medial posterior of the tibia = pes anserinus
  • tibial nerve (L5,S1,2)
  • extend, internal rotation
  • flexion

-pes anserinus

71
Q

Semimembranosis:

  • Attachment
    • The semimembranosis goes from the __________ to the _____________.
  • Innervation
    • The semimembranosis is innervated by the ___________.
  • Action
    • The semimembranosis does what at the hip?
    • The semimembranosis does what at the knee?
A
  • ischial tuberosity, medial plateau of the tibia
  • tibial nerve (L5,S1,2)
  • extend, internal rotation
  • flexion
72
Q

Biceps Femoris:
Long head:
-Attachment
-The long head of the biceps femoris goes from the ________ to the ______________.

  • Innervation
    • The long head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the ____________.

-Action
-The long head does what at the hip?
-The long head does what at the knee?
___________________________________

Short head:

  • Attachment
    • The short head of the biceps femoris goes from the _________ to the ____________.
  • Innervation
    • The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the _______________.
  • Action
    • The short head does what at the knee joint?
A
  • ischial tuberosity, tibial lateral plateau/fibula
  • tibial nerve (L5,S1,2)

-extend, external rotation
-flexion
____________________________________
-linea aspira of the femur, tibia lateral plateau/fibula

  • fibular nerve (L5,S1,2)
  • flexion, external rotation
73
Q

Nerves of the posterior thigh?

A
  • Sciatic nerve
    • tibial branch-anterior division to flexors
    • fibular branch-posterior division to extensors
    • L4-S3 ventral rami exits pelvic cavity through greater sciatic foramen
  • Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
74
Q

Blood vessels of the posterior thigh?

A
  • Deep artery of thigh (deep femoral artery) from the femoral artery has perforating branches supplying posterior thigh structures
  • Deep veins of thigh and perforating veins accompanying the arteries.
  • Superficial veins of thigh= great saphenous and branches with drain into the deep vein via perforating veins.

Anatomy Exam 3 (6 decks)

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