Urinary tract 2

Question 1

NEPHRON

Answer 1

• Functional unit of kidney
• More than a million per kidney
• Filter blood to make urine
• Regulates BP, [ion], fluid volumes

Question 2

1) RENALCORPUSCLE

Answer 2

Slit diaphragm prevents large proteins from entering filtrate, but lets small molecules (H2O, ions, glucose, A.A., urea)

Question 3

2) PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Answer 3

Purpose = immediately regain lost nutrients

•glucose, A.A. & some ions (active)

Question 4

3) NEPHRONLOOP (LOOP OF HENLE)

Answer 4

Purpose = Make medulla salty
Thin descending LOH
•H2O reabsorbed (passively)
∴osmolarity ↑(salty)

Thick ascending LOH
•ions reabsorbed (active)
•Not permeable to H2O
∴osmolarity ↓(watery)

Question 5

4) DISTA LCONVOLUTED TUBULE

Answer 5

Purpose = ion reabsorption & assess function (macula densa)
•Na+/K+pumps (active)
•Cl-& H2O (passive)
∴osmolarity ↓(more watery)

Question 6

5) COLLECTING DUCT

Answer 6

Purpose = Final H2O reabsorption
•Hormone regulated
•Common to multiple nephrons

Question 7

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 7

•Increases H2O permeability in the collecting duct

∴osmolarity ↑(salty)

Question 8

HORMONAL REGULATION OF COLLECTING DUCTS

Answer 8

Diuretics –blocks effects of ADH, making collecting duct impermeable to H2O

Question 9

Juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 9

renin

Question 10

Hepatocytes

Answer 10

angiotensiogen

Question 11

endothelial cells

Answer 11

ACE

Question 12

Angiotensin II

Answer 12

Increase blood volume, ions, pressure