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Anatomy 3319 block 4 > Upper Respiratory system > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory system function (5)

A 
provide O2
Remove CO2
Blood pH
Sound/Speech
Olfaction
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2
Q

Nose and Nasal cavity function (4)

A
  1. Houses special sense of smell
  2. Filter, warms and moistens inhaled air
  3. Mucus traps bacteria and particulates
  4. Servies as a resonance chamber for speech
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3
Q

Skeleton of the nose

A 
Palatine
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Vomer
Chonae
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4
Q

bones forming hard plate

A

Palatine

Maxilla

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5
Q

bones forming nasal septum

A

Ethmoid

Vomer

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6
Q

Kiessalbach’s area

A

anastomosis of several blood vessels on nasal septum

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7
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleeds

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8
Q

Conchae

A 
aka turbinates (superior, middle, inferior)
force air through small holes and increases surfaces area of which air contacts epithelium
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9
Q

superior nasal cavity lined by

A

olfactory epithelium

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10
Q

Rest of nasal cavity covered by

A

respiratory epithelium

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11
Q

Nasal cavity connects with (4)

A

Paranasal sinuses
Oral cavity
Eyes
Ears

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12
Q

Paranasal sinus function

A

help humidify air
increase surface area of respiratory mucosa
make skull lighter

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13
Q

Parasnasal sinuses

A

small air sacs in frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones

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14
Q

Rhinitis/Sinusitis

A

inflammation of the nasal cavity (rhinitis) and paranasal sinuses (sinusitis)
sinusitis causes headaches

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15
Q

Most commonly infected sinus

A

Maxillary Sinus

Only sinus up against gravity

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16
Q

Pharynx (throat) three segments

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

17
Q

Nasopharynx border

A

superior border: sphenoid

inferior border: soft palate

18
Q

Oropharynx border

A

superior border: soft palate

inferior border: epiglottis/base of tongue

19
Q

Laryngopharynx border

A

superior border: epiglottis

inferior border: inferior end of cricoid cartilage

20
Q

Larynx function 3*

A

keeps food out of respiratory tract
functions as respiratory pathway
serves as the voicebox

21
Q

Laryngeal cartilages 4 types

A

Epiglottis: folds over larynx during swallowing to revent food from entering respiratory system.

Thyroid: large in front and side; deficient posteriorly. Forms Adam’s apple.

Cricoid: ring-shaped, only cartilage that wraps completely around windpipe.

Arytenoids: pyramid-shaped cartilages on top of cricoid (see next slide). Attach to vocal cords.

22
Q

Epiglottis (cartilage)

A

flap of elastic cartilage

When swallowing, laryngeal inlet is covered by epiglottis

23
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

incomeplete ring
forms adam’s apple (laryngeal prominance)
posterior aspect: superior and inferior ends are called horns
hangs from hyoid bone via thyrohyoid ligament

24
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

forms complete ring
ringarch anterior, signet posterior
most inferior cartilage

25
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

small, paired, pyramid shaped
attach to vocal ligaments
muscles attach to arytenoids for movement of vocal cords.

26
Q

Vestibular ligament (false vocal cords)

A
  • Attach arytenoid cartilages to back of thyroid cartilage.
  • Help epiglottis to close off larynx during swallowing.
  • Play a very minor role in phonation…unless you’re a
    Tibetan throat singer or Hollywood villain!
27
Q

Vocal ligaments (true vocal cords)

A
  • Attach vocal process of arytenoid cartilages to back wall of thyroid cartilage.
  • Sound is made when air passes over vocal folds.
28
Q

Rima glottis

A

space between vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages

29
Q

Movement of vocal cords

A

cords abducted - screaming
cords adducted - whispering
cords adducted incompletely - talking

30
Q

Muscle groups that move vocal folds

A 
Vocal fold abductors (open rima glottidis):
Increase volume (louder)
Vocal fold adductors (close rima glottidis):
Decrease volume (quieter)

Vocal fold looseners (lower pitch)

Vocal fold tighteners (higher pitch)

31
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid muscles

A

open rima glottis (abduct vocal cords)

louder

32
Q

Transverse arytenoid muscles

A

Adduct arytenoid cartilages

quieter

33
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid muscles

A

Close rima glottis (adduct vocal cords)

quieter

34
Q

Vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles

A

pull arytenoids closer to thyroid cartilage to loosen vocal ligaments
lower pitch

35
Q

Cricothyroid muscles

A

pull thyroid downward and anteriorly away from arytenoids which tightens vocal cords
higher pitch

Anatomy 3319 block 4 (10 decks)

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