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Anatomy 3319 block 4 > Digestive 1 > Flashcards

Digestive 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity: Boundaries

A

Superior border (roof of oral cavity):
Hard Palate
Soft Palate

Posterior border: oropharyngeal isthmus (aka fauces)

Inferior border (floor of oral cavity): Tongue

Anterior border: Lips

Lateral borders: Cheeks

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2
Q

Palatoglossal arch

A

Anchor soft palate to tongue

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3
Q

Palatopharyngeal arch

A

Anchor soft palate to wall of oropharynx

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4
Q

Hard palate

A

rigid surface where the tongue forces food during chewing. Made by palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones.

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5
Q

Soft palate

A

a soft, mobile flap - rises to close nasopharynx during swallowing

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6
Q

Terminal sulcus

A

•marks the border between mouth and
pharynx
•Posterior 1/3 – lingual tonsil
•Anterior 2/3 - covered with papillae

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7
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A
  • Border terminal sulcus

* House >100 taste buds on sides

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8
Q

Foliate papillae

A
  • Ridges on sides of the tongue

* House >100 taste buds

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9
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • Mushroom shaped and red in colour

* Contain 3-5 taste buds on top

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10
Q

Filiform papillae

A
  • Thread-shaped, roughen tongue
  • Small and numerous.
  • Do not contain taste buds
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11
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A

Innervates most intrinsic and

extrinsic muscles of the tongue

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12
Q

Intrinsic muscles (Tongue)

A

Confined within the tongue and not attached to bone.

Change shape of tongue

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13
Q

Extrinsic muscles (Tongue)

A
  • Attach tongue to bones.
  • Alter position of tongue
  • 4 pairs:
  • Styloglossus
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Palatoglossus
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14
Q

Facial nerve (CN VII)

A

For taste

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15
Q

Trigeminal nerve (CN VII)

A

(Lingual nerve) for sensation

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16
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A

Sensation and taste for
posterior 1/3 of tongue
(contains lingual tonsil)

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17
Q

Salivary Glands

A
  1. Parotid gland (Par = near, otid = the ear)
  2. Submandibular gland
  3. Sublingual gland
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18
Q
  1. Parotid gland (Par = near, otid = the ear)
A
  • Situated in front of ear superficial to ramus of mandible

* Parotid duct drains into vestibule of mouth opposite upper second molar

19
Q
  1. Submandibular gland
A
  • Located beneath mandible

* Submandibular ducts release saliva onto floor of mouth from either side of the frenulum

20
Q
  1. Sublingual gland
A
  • Beneath tongue

* Releases saliva from several small openings just underneath the tongue

21
Q

Gleeking

A

is achieved by compression of the submandibular ducts

by muscles in the floor of the mouth when you move your tongue upwards.

22
Q

Sialography:

A

radiographic examination of the salivary glands. Evaluates the functional integrity of the salivary glands in case of obstructions or other pathologies.

23
Q

Saliva

A
  • Water and mucus
  • Ions
  • Enzymes: amylase and lipase
  • Bactericidal enzymes and antiviral substances
  • Can transmit infection
24
Q

Mumps

A

A virus that spreads from one person to another through saliva
Causes inflammation and swelling of the parotid glands

25
Q

Pharynx

A

A muscular tube which runs from the internal nares to the esophagus and
carries food and air to the respiratory and digestive structures

26
Q

Pharynx 3 portions

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

27
Q

Tonsils:

A
  • 4 sets
  • Accumulation of lymphoid nodules
  • First line of defense against organisms entering oral or nasal cavities
28
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

Most often removed - tonsillectomy

29
Q

Lingual Tonsils:

A

• Base of tongue

30
Q

Tubal Tonsils:

A

• Located around Eustachian tube

31
Q

Pharyngeal Tonsils:

A

• Also known as “adenoids”

32
Q

Swallowing: 1. Oral phase

A
  • Mouth→Oropharynx
  • Food bolus formed
  • Chewing, masticating
33
Q

Swallowing: 2. Pharyngeal stage

A
  • Oropharynx → Esophagus

* Nasal cavity and larynx closed off

34
Q

Swallowing: 3. Esophageal stage

A
  • Esophagus→Stomach

* Completes swallowing process

35
Q

Oral phase detailed

A
  • Voluntary
  • Action: tongue elevates and pushes food bolus against the hard palate and backwards into the oropharynx
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue and buccinators push the food bolus back until it reaches the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
36
Q

Pharyngeal phase detailed

A

• Involuntary (gag reflex)
• Action: Blockage of 3 cavities and
contraction of pharynx forces bolus into
esophagus

37
Q

Pharyngeal phase blocked cavities

A
  1. Blockage of 3 cavities:
    I. Oral Cavity by elevation of the tongue
    II. Nasal cavity by elevation of soft palate
    III. Larynx by elevation of the larynx which causes epiglottis to fold over the laryngeal inlet
38
Q

suprahyoid muscles

A 
lift the larynx superiorly and anteriorly
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Hyoid bone
39
Q

Elevation/contraction of soft palate

A

Tensor veli palatini: tenses soft palate
Levator veli palatine: elevates soft palate
Palatopharyngeus: pulls soft palate down after it has been elevated

40
Q

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

  • Encircle pharynx and partially overlap each other
  • Contract sequentially during swallowing starting with the superior constrictor
41
Q

Esophageal phase detailed

A

• Involuntary
• Action: downward movement of bolus through esophagus and into stomach
1. Contraction of skeletal muscle in the upper part of the esophagus
2. Peristalsis: wave-like contraction of smooth muscle in the lower part of the esophagus

42
Q

Peristalsis

A

involuntary process that involves alternate waves of
contraction and relaxation of muscles in the organ (in this case, esophagus) walls. The net effect is to squeeze food along a pathway – in this case down the
esophagus.

43
Q

infrahyoid muscles

A

pull the hyoid bone and larynx inferiorly returning them to their original position

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid - Superior continuation of sternothyroid
Sternothyroid - Deep to sternohyoid

Anatomy 3319 block 4 (10 decks)

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