Urinary System Test Flashcards
1
Q
A 25-year old patient with right flank pain, nausea, and vomiting is seen for a renal ultrasound. The ultrasound reveals large echogenic foci with posterior acoustic shadowing in the kidney. The calyces appear to be dilated. What is the most likely diagnosis? calculi TCC hematoma oncocytoma
A
calculi
2
Q
A teenage boy is tackled roughly during a football game. After the game, he has abdominal pain. The pain becomes intense, and the next day he is seen at the emergency department. The laboratory values are abnormal, the hematocrit is low, and microscopic hematuria is found. A renal ultrasound is ordered. The ultrasound of the left kidney is normal. The right kidney appers normal, but a sonolucent ring is seen surrounding the kidney. This is most consistent with: perinephric hematoma AML ruptured cyst hemangioma
A
perinephric hematoma
3
Q
A patient with a history of tuberous sclerosis, recent onset of hematuria, and pain is seen for a renal ultrasound. The ultrasound reveals bilateral well-defined echogenic renal cortex masses with increased posterior acoustic enhancement. This finding is most consistent with: hematoma lipoma AML hemangioma
A
AML
4
Q
A 24 year old woman with a 12 year history of recurring urinary tract infections arrives at the ultrasound department needing a renal sonogram. She has hypertension, a high fever, nausea, vomiting and painful urination. The laboratory findings include bacteriuria, proteinuria, and increased BUN and creatinine levels. Sonographically, the right kidney appears normal, but the left renal parenchyma appears narrowed and has focal areas of increased echogenicity. In addition, the left kidney measures abnormally small and appears misshapen and its borders are difficult to visualize. What might be the cause of these sonographic findings? acute pyelonephritis renal artery stenosis emphysematous pyelonephritis chronic pyelonephritis
A
chronic pyelonephritis
5
Q
A 49 year old male construction worker with a history of an enlarged prostate is seen with right flank pain and painful urination. He claims to drink large amount of milk every day. Laboratory findings include microscopic hematuria. An abdominal sonogram shows normal anatomy except for the right kidney. It displays a hypoechoic, dilated renal collecting system to include the ureter with no echogenic foci. This would be most consistent with which of the following?
- hydronephrosis caused by the enlarged prostate obstructing flow
- pyelonephrosis caused by infection spreading from the enlarged prostate
- hydronephrosis caused by calcium deposits from excessive milk consumption
- pyonephrosis caused by prolonged obstruction from staghorn calculi
A
hydronephrosis caused by the enlarged prostate obstructing flow
6
Q
The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is: horseshoe kidney duplicated collecting system renal agenesis renal hypoplasia
A
duplicated collecting system
7
Q
All of the following are clinical findings of acute renal failure except: hypertension oliguria hematuria decreased BUN and creatinine
A
decreased BUN and creatinine
8
Q
The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is: von Hippel-Lindau syndrome multicystic dyplastic kidney disease tuberous sclerosis tuberculosis
A
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
9
Q
The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is: multicystic dysplastic kidney disease von Hippel-Lindau syndrome tuberous sclerosis tuberculosis
A
tuberous sclerosis
10
Q
Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? neurogenic bladder ureteral stricture uterine leiomyoma pregnancy
A
ureteral stricture
11
Q
Which of the following renal masses would most likely cause a speed propagation artifact? renal pseudoaneurysm transitional cell carcinoma renal cell carcinoma angiomyolipoma
A
angiomyolipoma
12
Q
You have detected compensatory hypertrophy of the right kidney in a 35 year old male. This finding is associated with which of the following? all of the above nephrectomy renal agenesis renal hypoplasia
A
all of the above
13
Q
What is the normal appearance of the central sinus of the kidney?
- hypoechoic compared to the liver
- highly echogenic compared to the renal cortex
- hypoechoic compared to the renal cortex
- isoechoic to the meduallry pyramids
A
highly echogenic compared to the renal cortex
14
Q
Which malignant tumor is most common in children aged 2-5? renal lymphoma renal cell carcinoma Wilm's tumor renal hamartoma
A
Wilm’s tumor
15
Q
During routine surveillance of hte urinary bladder, you detect the presence of periodic ureteral "jets." This is a sign of: normality ureteral stone transitional cell carcinoma ureteral spasm
A
normality
