Adrenal and Vascular Test Flashcards
Upon sonographic examination of the right upper quadrant in a 32 year old female patient complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents a/an: adrenal cyst adrenal metastatic lesion pheochromocytoma neuroblastoma
adrenal cyst
The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is: Edward's syndrome Cushing syndrome Juliet syndrome Hirschprung syndrome
Cushing syndrome
The adrenal gland cortex produces all of the following except: adrenaline aldosterone androgens cortisol
adrenaline
Which of the following hormones are responsible for the “flight-or-fight” response?
cortisol and aldosterone
epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenocorticotropic hormone and aldosterone
cortisol and androgens
epinephrine and norepinephrine
The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia, and tremors is the: pheochromocytoma adrenal hematoma oncocytoma neuroblastoma
pheochromocytoma
A 45 year old obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of:
primary adrenal carcinoma
adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal adenoma
primary adrenal carcinoma and adrenal adenoma
primary adrenal carcinoma and adrenal adenoma
The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a/an: hypoechoic mass complex mass anechoic mass hyperechoic mass
hyperechoic mass
All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except:
- the adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation
- the adrenal glands are easily identifed in the fetus
- the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver
- the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
A patient is seen with a persitant headache. Physical examination reveals hypertension, and laboratory tests reveal increased catechoalmine values. This is most suggestive of which of the following? pheochromocytoma adrenal adenoma adrenal cyst adrenal carcinoma
pheochromocytoma
A 70 year old man with a history lung cancer is seen for ultrasound. The patient has malaise and weight loss. An abdominal ultrasound is ordered and identifies mild ascites. In addition, bilateral solid masses are noted superior to the kidneys. This is suggestive of which of the following? adrenal hyperplasia adrenal metastasis lymphadenopathy adrenal adenomas
adrenal metastasis
A 55 year old man is seen for a routine physical examination. During the examination, the physicians feels a pulsatile mass at the level of the umbilicus. An ultrasound is ordered for which of the following indications?
- to rule out abdominal aortic aneurysm
- to rule out atherosclerotic disease
- to rule out rupture
- to rule out dissection
to rule out abdominal aortic aneurysm
A 40 year old man with a history of Marfan syndrome is seen with intense chest pain in the emergency department. Which of the following diagnoses should should be the primary consideration? aortic aneurysm heart attack aortic rupture aortic dissection
aortic dissection
A 58 year old woman with epigastric pain with eating is seen for an abdominal ultrasound to rule out gallstones. The sonographer identifies normal-appearing gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The sonographer also documents a dilation of the aorta, which measures 6 cm at its greatest diameter. This would be consistent with which of the following? atherosclerotic disease aortic rupture aortic aneurysm aortic dissection
aortic aneurysm
Occlusion of the hepatic veins describes: Klinefelter syndrome Morrison syndrome Marfan syndrome Budd-Chiari syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Enlargement of the IVC, with subsequent enlargement of the hepatic veins, is seen in cases of: Budd-Chiari syndrome left sided heart failure Marfan syndrome right sided heart failure
right sided heart failure
An outpatient with a history of back pain and hypertension presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal aortic sonogram. Sonographically, you visualize a 6 cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm with an echogenic linear structure noted gently swaying in the aortic lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis? chronic aortic aneurysm aortic rupture aortic dissection aortic rupture
aortic dissection
Which of the following statements about the IVC is not true?
- the IVC is considered retroperitoneal in location
- the diameter of the IVC is variable
- respirations can affect the size of the IVC
- the IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta
the IVC is located to the left of the abdominal aorta
You are performing an abdominal ultrasound on a patient with a history of pheochromocytoma. Sonographic evaluation of what structure will be most beneficial in identification of this abnormality? pancreas kidneys abdominal aorta adrenal glands
adrenal glands
Abdominal sonography of a 42 year old male reveals a solid mass located at the upper pole of the kidney. Which of the following would be most helpful in differentiation between a renal and adrenal mass?
- perform spectral Doppler resistive indices from vessels within the mass
- evaluate the mass with color Doppler
- have the patient drink 32 oz of water and rescan
- scan the patient in both deep inspiration and expiration
scan the patient in both deep inspiration and expiration
Which of the following arteries are branches of the celiac trunk?
- splenic, left gastric and common hepatic
- splenic, right gastric and proper hepatic
- left gastric, common hepatic, and proper hepatic
- superior mesenteric, right gastric and proper hepatic
splenic, left gastric and common hepatic
You are performing a Doppler study of the hepatic venous system and cannot obtain a color Doppler signal from the main portal vein. What should you do?
- decrease color gain
- increase dynamic range
- decrease the system pulse repetition frequency
- increase the system high pass filter
decrease the system pulse repetition frequency
A 54 year old man has been referred for an abdominal Doppler ultrasound with a history of uncontrollable hypertension. What pathology are you searching for?
- renal artery stenosis
- aortic aneurysm
- hepatofugal portal vein flow
- vascular compromise of the superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and celiac trunk
renal artery stenosis
You are performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis and abdominal bruit. What vascular abnormality is associated with this history?
- inferior mesenteric artery occlusion
- renal artery stenosis
- abdominal aortic aneurysm
- pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic or splenic artery
pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic or splenic artery
The IVC empties blood into which of the following? left atruim right atrium right ventricle left ventricle
right atrium
