Urinary System sample question

Question 1

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the:

Answer 1

renal capsule

Question 2

The apex of the renal pyramid is called the:

Answer 2

renal papilla

Question 3

The major calyses of the kidney converge to form an enlarged channel called the:

Answer 3

Renal pelvis

Question 4

The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney is the:

Answer 4

nephron

Question 5

Given these parts of the nephron:
1. Renal corpuscle
2. collecting duct
3. loop of Henle
4. Distal tubule
5. proximal tubule
Arange the parts in order as fluids flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron

Answer 5

1. Renal corpuscle
2. Proximal tubule
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal tubule
5. Collecting duct

Question 6

The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the:

Answer 6

glomerulus

Question 7

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed where the ____ projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 7

Distal tubule

Question 8

Collectively, the capillary epithelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the:

Answer 8

filtration membrane

Question 9

The part of a nephron between Bowman’s capsule and the loop of Henle is the:

Answer 9

proximal tubule

Question 10

The ____ are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney.

Answer 10

vasa recta

Question 11

Given these vessels:
1. arcuate vein
2. afferent arteriole
3. efferent arteriole
4. interlobular vein
5. peritubular capillaries
Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them.

Answer 11

2. afferent arteriole
3. efferent arteriole
4. peritubular capillaries
5. interlobular vein
6. arcuate vein

Question 12

The triangular area of the urinary bladder between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly is the:

Answer 12

trigone

Question 13

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor is the:

Answer 13

external urinary sphincter

Question 14

Active transport of substances from blood into the nephron is called:

Answer 14

tubular secretion

Question 15

The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries is called:

Answer 15

tubular reabsorption

Question 16

The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called the:

Answer 16

renal fraction

Question 17

The part of the plasma volume that passes through the filtration membrane is the:

Answer 17

filtration fraction

Question 18

Which of these substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane?

Answer 18

hemoglobin

Question 19

Of the filtrate that enters the nephron, about what percent is reabsorbed during urine formation?

Answer 19

99%

Question 20

A decrease in plasma proteins results in:

Answer 20

decreased colloid osmotic pressure

Question 21

As filtrate moves through the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water moves _____ the nephron, and solutes move ______ the nephron

Answer 21

out of

into

Question 22

During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron, most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by _____, and across the basal membrane by _____.

Answer 22

cotransport,

facilitated diffusion

Question 23

In kidney nephron epithelial cells, solutes are cotransported with

Answer 23

Na+ ions

Question 24

In kidney nephron epithelial cells, ____are moved by the counter transport through the basal membrane in exchange for K+ ions

Answer 24

Na+ ions

Question 25

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is _____ to water

Answer 25

impermeable

Question 26

The percentage of filtrate volume reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is:

Answer 26

65%

Question 27

These ions are cotransported across the apical membrane in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Answer 27

K+ ions and Cl- ions

Question 28

The permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct is controlled by:

Answer 28

ADH

Question 29

All of these compounds are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood EXCEPT:

Answer 29

penicillin

Question 30

At which of these locations is the osmolality of the filtrate the highest?

Answer 30

bottom of the loop of Henle

Question 31

Renal tubules are _____ permeable to urea than they are to water, therefore urea concentration is the tubules _____.

Answer 31

less,

increases

Question 32

Which of these substances is actively transported into the filtrate in the proximal and distal tubule?

Answer 32

H+ ions

Question 33

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the nephron is in the:

Answer 33

loop of Henle and vasa recta

Question 34

Urea diffuses out of the ____, and into the _____.

Answer 34

collecting duct,

descending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 35

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete

Answer 35

renin

Question 36

Drinking a large amount of beer results in:

Answer 36

decreased urine osmolality and increase urine volume

Question 37

Which of these conditions increases the amount of urine produced?

Answer 37

increased atrial natriuretic hormone secretion

Question 38

Angiotensin II causes:

Answer 38

increased ADH secretion
increased thirst
increased salt appetite
increased peripheral resistance

Question 39

When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will

Answer 39

Appear in the urine

Question 40

The micturition reflex:

Answer 40

can be stimulated or inhibited by higher centers in the brain
is stimulated by increased pressure in the bladder
can be stimulated by irritation of the bladder or urethra