Urinary System sample question Flashcards
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the:
renal capsule
The apex of the renal pyramid is called the:
renal papilla
The major calyses of the kidney converge to form an enlarged channel called the:
Renal pelvis
The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney is the:
nephron
Given these parts of the nephron: 1. Renal corpuscle 2. collecting duct 3. loop of Henle 4. Distal tubule 5. proximal tubule Arange the parts in order as fluids flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron
- Renal corpuscle
- Proximal tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal tubule
- Collecting duct
The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the:
glomerulus
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed where the ____ projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to the Bowman’s capsule
Distal tubule
Collectively, the capillary epithelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the:
filtration membrane
The part of a nephron between Bowman’s capsule and the loop of Henle is the:
proximal tubule
The ____ are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney.
vasa recta
Given these vessels: 1. arcuate vein 2. afferent arteriole 3. efferent arteriole 4. interlobular vein 5. peritubular capillaries Arrange the vessels in the order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through them.
- afferent arteriole
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillaries
- interlobular vein
- arcuate vein
The triangular area of the urinary bladder between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly is the:
trigone
Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor is the:
external urinary sphincter
Active transport of substances from blood into the nephron is called:
tubular secretion
The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries is called:
tubular reabsorption
The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called the:
renal fraction
The part of the plasma volume that passes through the filtration membrane is the:
filtration fraction
Which of these substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane?
hemoglobin
Of the filtrate that enters the nephron, about what percent is reabsorbed during urine formation?
99%
A decrease in plasma proteins results in:
decreased colloid osmotic pressure
As filtrate moves through the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water moves _____ the nephron, and solutes move ______ the nephron
out of
into
During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron, most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by _____, and across the basal membrane by _____.
cotransport,
facilitated diffusion
In kidney nephron epithelial cells, solutes are cotransported with
Na+ ions
In kidney nephron epithelial cells, ____are moved by the counter transport through the basal membrane in exchange for K+ ions
Na+ ions
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is _____ to water
impermeable
The percentage of filtrate volume reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is:
65%
These ions are cotransported across the apical membrane in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
K+ ions and Cl- ions
The permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct is controlled by:
ADH
All of these compounds are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood EXCEPT:
penicillin
At which of these locations is the osmolality of the filtrate the highest?
bottom of the loop of Henle
Renal tubules are _____ permeable to urea than they are to water, therefore urea concentration is the tubules _____.
less,
increases
Which of these substances is actively transported into the filtrate in the proximal and distal tubule?
H+ ions
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism of the nephron is in the:
loop of Henle and vasa recta
Urea diffuses out of the ____, and into the _____.
collecting duct,
descending limb of the loop of Henle
Juxtaglomerular cells secrete
renin
Drinking a large amount of beer results in:
decreased urine osmolality and increase urine volume
Which of these conditions increases the amount of urine produced?
increased atrial natriuretic hormone secretion
Angiotensin II causes:
increased ADH secretion
increased thirst
increased salt appetite
increased peripheral resistance
When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will
Appear in the urine
The micturition reflex:
can be stimulated or inhibited by higher centers in the brain
is stimulated by increased pressure in the bladder
can be stimulated by irritation of the bladder or urethra
