Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Water accounts for how much percent of our body weight?
45-75% depending on age, sex, and amount of body fat
The ECF (extracellular fluid) are abundant with what type of electrolyte?
sodium
chloride
bicarbonate ions
Intracellular fluid contains large amounts of ___
protein anions and potassium, phosphate, and magnesium ions
What are the main sources of body fluids?
ingested foods and fluids and metabolic water
How does the water leave the body?
lungs (breathing)
skin (perspiration)
gastrointestinal tract (defecating)
kidneys (micturition)
What triggers the thirst mechanism?
increase plasma osmolality mediated by hypothalamic osmoreceptors
What triggers the release of ADH?
large drop in blood volume or pressure
ECF osmolality is high
What promotes Na+ reabsorption to maintain blood pressure and blood volume?
Aldosterone
What is the function of renin?
enhances systemic blood pressure, Na+ reabsorption, and aldosterone release
What is the function of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Regulates calcium balance by enhancing blood Ca+ levels by targeting the bones, kidney, and intestine.
Decreases renal reabsorption of phosphate ions
What are the chemical buffers of the body?
bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer system
What happens when alkalosis depresses the respiratory system?
It results in Co2 retention and a fall in blood pH
What is the result when acidosis activates the respiratory center?
increase respiratory rate and depth
rise in blood pH
What are the extreme pH level for life?
Lowest 6.8 to highest 7.8
