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mbtc surg > URINARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS Flashcards

1
Q

Worse in female horses vs males when
there is inflammation

A

t

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2
Q

Increased (greater than 40 HR):

A

semi stressed or in pain

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3
Q

good measure of glomerular
filtration rate

A

creatinine

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4
Q

can gauge kidney condition but not as reliable

A

BUN

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5
Q

Can be also affected by muscle loss or wasting

A

BUN

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6
Q

in racing, what parameter spikes?

A

BUN

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7
Q

normal creatine

A

table : 0.4 - 1.9 mg/dL
creatinine clearance: 1.38 - 1.87 ml/min/kG

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8
Q

Better measure for kidney fxn; How well the body is clearing CRT through the glomerulus (GFR)

A

Creatinine clearance

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9
Q

normal renal values

A

table

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10
Q

General weight: ~400-500 kg; how mych water intake

A

25 L; racehorses = 50 L

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11
Q

Urine can be semi-viscous and opaque depending on the diet (not due to UTI all the time)

A

T

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12
Q

opaque urine is due to?

A

CaCO3 crystals suspended in
urine
- High intake of certain electrolytes
e.g., Calcium

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13
Q

Signs of urinary problems

A

abnormal urine
- Fever
- Spike if may bacterial infexn
- Anorexia
- Depression
- Ventral edema
- Fluid accumulation
- Scalding or staining (photo)
- Telltale sign of issues with urinary system
- With pus
- PUPD

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14
Q

Due to urine and consistency is hot
or warm → scaled → tender perineum when touched, slightly burned → skin infxns (especially when rubbed on rough objects)

A

Scalding

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15
Q

pawing/colic

A

pain internally more than discomfort

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16
Q

May be normal, may be not (if not the usual morning stretch)
- To Alleviate pain more caudally in abdomen

A

Caudal abdominal area stretching (photo)

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17
Q

Most common and most important sign to be noted in UTI

A

PUPD

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18
Q

inc in urine production

A

polyuria

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19
Q

inc in urine frequency

A

Pollakiuria

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20
Q

renal disease, diabetes, pituitary adenoma

A

polyuria

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21
Q

estrus, cystitis, calculi

A

Pollakiuria

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22
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

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23
Q

More serious generally

A

true polyuria

24
Q

Pain and Enlargement usually observed in?

A

ARF (Acute renal/kidney disease/failure)

25
Q

Firmness, Shrinkage of kidneys, surface irregularity, irregular shape

A

CRF (Chronic renal Dz/failure)

26
Q

in UTZ, where to put it to find kidney?

A

right: 15-17th dorsal and superficial (near tuber coxae)
left: 15-17th deep to spleen
percutaneous

27
Q

in Percutaneous biopsy guided by endoscopy biopsy, what needle

A

truecut

28
Q

Many ways of collecting urine
- Most common?

A

free catch

29
Q

3 common. urinary problems

A

kidney, lepto, urinne

30
Q

kidneys located:

A

Left kidney - in situ near the base of
spleen
- Right kidney - near base of cecum

31
Q

heart shaped when cross sec, what organ?

A

kidney

32
Q

darker kidney? older or younger

A

older

33
Q

Spike in kidney values
- Severe impairment of filtration
Quick lethargy - acute occurrence
- Nephrotoxic substances
- Anorexia, depressed
- Failure to produce urine
- Complete anuria may happen
- Proteinuria ++, low SG, hematuria (if
traumatic cause or if with severe
blockage)
- Creatinine - can spike crazily/ too high
(mas mataas compared CKD)
- x5-7 values

A

AKD (acute kidney disease)

34
Q

CKD

A

Generally rare (or rarely reported)
- Long term mismanagement
- Weight loss (more gradual)
- Edema; hypoNA, hypoCL
- Edema: di na tama ang fluid balance and toxin filtration → inefficient body processes
- PUPD: chronic case, marked
- Crea: can significantly elevate in both
conditions
- Narrow down Ddx

35
Q

Sudden inability of kidnney to function sufficiently

A

Acute Kidney Disease / ARF

36
Q

Nitrogenous waste buildup

A

Azotemia

37
Q

causes of ARF in order

A

NOH

  1. Nephrotoxic substances
  2. Obstructive
    a. Crystals
    b. Stones
    c. If kidney is hit/kicked by
    other horses
  3. Hemodynamic (rare)
    - Blood pressure problem or hypovolemia, thrombosis (rarer)
38
Q

common toxins to kidney:

A

NSAIDs excess, Sulfonamides, Aminoglycosides

39
Q

most risky when used
orally in horses

A

Aminoglycosides

40
Q

Progressive loss of nephrons = dec GFR. leads to?

A

Chronic Kidney Disease / CRF

41
Q

give clinincal signs of AKD

A

Anorexia, wasting, peripheral edema, poor crt, purulent urine

42
Q

tx for AKD

A

Fluids: Correct imbalances
○ 10-15L/day (5L/hr)

43
Q

tx for CKD

A

Fluids: Electrolyte supp.
○ Dietary adjustment (Protein <10%)
Less protein, more carbs, more fat
○ Pellets different types available
○ High calorie count (high energy
count) usually for racing horses
○ If at rest, breeding, → less
frequency of feeding to adjust
amount of protein

44
Q

IH urine or droppings (rats, mice, birds)
○ Water bucket contaminated
Spirochete bacteria infection

A

Leptospirosis

45
Q

lepto is ZOONOTIC: sotas can also get infected. t or f

A

t

46
Q

CS of lepto

A

Elevated blood counts
○ pus-filled urine
○ Fever low 102
○ Abortion
○ Urinary issues ***
listlessness, depression, anemia
loss of appetite
jaundice
petechiae
uveitis
unthrifty foals

47
Q

Most commonly reported strains in Ph of lepto

A

Pomona
acterohaemorrhagiae
hardjo (serovars)

48
Q

moon blindness iis what cs of what dz

A

uveitis, lepto

49
Q

tx for lepto?

A

Antimicrobial therapy: penicillins, cephalosporins, enrofloxacin, doxycycline

50
Q

not so okay antibiotics for horse lepto

A

Enrofloxacin
- Matapang for the horse
- Iniinda ang antibiotic
- Cases of abscessation can be
observed in injection sites of
enrofloxacin
- Intense microbials

51
Q

tx for lepto not drug related

A

Reproductive tract cleaning
Stable cleaning - very important because this is how you prevent lepto repeatedly

52
Q

Edema; hypoNA, hypoCL
- Edema: di na tama ang fluid balance and toxin filtration → inefficient body processes

A

CKD

53
Q

Anorexia, wasting, peripheral edema, poor crt, purulent urine are CS of?

A

AKD

54
Q

what spp causes lepto

A

Spirochete

55
Q

Proteinuria ++, low SG, hematuria (if
traumatic cause or if with severe
blockage)

A

AKD

56
Q

pus-filled urine
○ Fever low 102
○ Abortion
○ Urinary issues

CS of?

A

lepto

57
Q

Cs of what? jaundice
petechiae
uveitis
unthrifty foals

A

lepto

mbtc surg (6 decks)

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