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mbtc surg > CLINIC EXAM PART 2 > Flashcards

CLINIC EXAM PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

breeds predisposed to “Nauubo every exercise”

A

Thoroughbreds
- Racing horses

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2
Q

(Most used) imagine technique for awkward breathing during exercise

A

endoscopy

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3
Q

meaning of LLH

A

Left laryngeal hemiplegia

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4
Q

what are the aka of LLH

A

RLN (recurrent laryngeal
neuropathy), laryngeal paralysis, “roaring”

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5
Q

what nerve is affected in LLH if it is not from genetics

A

Left recurrent larnygeal nerve

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6
Q

which is more predisposed to LLH, left or right nerve

A

left, 95%

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7
Q

Presents as roaring

A

LLH

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8
Q

what grade? Full abduction of the arytenoid cartilages
during inspiration

A

1

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9
Q

Partial abduction of the affected arytenoid cartilage (b/w full and the resting position)
slightly affected abduction, slighlty curved

A

2

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10
Q

abduction Held at the resting position

A

3

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11
Q

Collapse into the contralateral half of the
rma glottidis during inspiration

A

4

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12
Q

tx for LLH

A

Laryngoplasty
Ventriculocordectomy
Sabay
Nerve implantation

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13
Q

easiest to do for tx for LLH; what are disadvantages

A

Laryngoplasty; Downside - prone to dumi, irritants, problematic particles

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14
Q

what grade gagawin ang laryngoplasty

A

3 or 4

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15
Q

this is a tieback method for LLH

A

Laryngoplasty

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16
Q

called “Hobday” operation”

A

Ventriculocordectomy

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17
Q

Removal or cut away of laryngeal
ventricle and vocal cord

A

Ventriculocordectomy

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18
Q

when can sabay 1 and 2 for LLH done

A

fully anesthetized

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19
Q

Laryngeal reinnervation of the CAD (cricoarytenoideus dorsalis) muscle (move one of the nerves from right to left)

A

Nerve implantation

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20
Q

what muscle is reinnervated for LLH

A

CAD (cricoarytenoideus dorsalis) muscle

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21
Q

EE

A

Epiglottic entrapment

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22
Q

presented as inflamed, broken down larynx

A

LLH

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23
Q

Loose aryepiglottic folds & mucosa
displace dorsally

A

EE: Epiglottic entrapment

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24
Q

“Wrapping” over the epiglottis, like a glove
Aryepiglottic fold wraps around the epiglottis

A

EE

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25
breeds predisposed to EE
throughbreds/racehorses
26
top 2 meds used for EE
Flunixin Phenylbutazone
27
Surgical transection for EE
Laryngotomy bistoury transection
28
best tx for ee
surgical transection
29
Remove the entire entrapping tissue for EE
Complete excision
30
DDSP
Dorsal displacement of the soft palate
31
Soft palate displaces dorsally; Airway obstruction!
DDSP
32
produces gurgling noise
DDSP
33
DDSP pero no sound, just signs
silent displacers; 10-20%
34
predisposed breeds for DDSP
racehorses
35
Bulging yung epiglottis under the soft palate
DDSP
36
tx for DDSP
Antinflamm Surgical transection (best) Larnygeal tie-forwards
37
bbest tx for DDSP
Surgical transection - Staphylectomy - laser/cautery assisted
38
Surgical repositioning of the larynx for DDSP
Larnygeal tie-forwards - Opposite of tie back - 2-4 inches removed muscle
39
conservative tx for DDSP
tongue tie; not all the time works
40
Getting arterial blood sample (Ancillary diagnostic test). what artery for ddsp
temporal artery: Perpendicular to the face
41
Mucoid persistent nasal discharge
bastard strangles
42
“Namamaga mukha”/General swelling and inflam around head
bastard strangles
43
Predisposed breeds to bad cold or virus/bastard strangles
Young horses - easier to get sick Clustered horses
44
LN for bastard strangles
Submandibular Retropharyngeal
45
Gold standard for bastard strangles
endoscopy
46
tests for bastard strangles
Endoscopy Radiography Thoracic usg Pulmonary fxn test
47
bacteria for bastard strangles
Streptococcus equi
48
Self limiting, lasting immunity on recovery High morbidity, Low mortality
bastard strangles
49
tx for bastard strangles
Supportive therapy #1 nsaids antibiotics
50
what type of equine influenza
Viral: influenza A&B
51
where does eq influenza spread?
lungs: Pleuropneumonia
52
secondary infection is the reason why horses are killed due to eq influenza
true
53
clinical signs of equine influenza
- Cough - Watery nasal discharge - Elevated temp 103-106F
54
prevention for eq influe
vaxx
55
disease unique to Unique to horses - Interact and in close proximity with the pharynx
Guttural Pouch Infection
56
Inflammation or infection in the upper resp system
Guttural Pouch Infection
57
history of guttural pouch infectiionn
Empyema mycosis Sinisipon or a cold b. Change in environment or feed c. Nasal discharge d. Facial inflammation e. Dyspnea
58
PE: GPI
Abscessation in the lymph nodes - Accumulation of pus, bacteria, fungi in the pouches , and passageways for air - Differentiate from strangles - GP infexn can happen before or after strangles
59
what to use to see GPI
endoscope: bactera liquid, fungi solid
60
tx for GPI
Clearing the guttural pouch/flushing antifungals - ketoconazole (NO LONG TERM) antibiotics
61
arytenoids, epiglottis, phrayngeal ___
check pic
62
Equine form of asthma?
heaves
63
heaves is inflammatory condition of ___
lower respiratory tract
64
age predisposed heaves
the higher the age the higher the incidence rare inn less than 7
65
where is it seen, heaves
Interaction to thermophilic molds? - Seen in temperate countries
66
sea/eas in heaves?
SEVERE equine asthma, equine asthma syndrome
67
rao in horses. what is rao and what is seenn
Recurrent airway syndrome Thickening of the bronchi Due to accumulation of mucus because of intense sneezing and coughing
68
what is seen in severe snneezing?
heavesline: Coursing along mid to caudal part of horse’s thorax & abdomen Emaciated , bones start showing, poorer muscle tone
69
heaves what is inflammed leads to?
Inflamed lower respiratory tract = hypoxemia
70
tx of heaves
1. Control inflammation - prednisolone more preferred 2. Decrease obstruction a. Bronchodilators Control inflammation Corticosteroids i. Dexamethasone - 0.05 mg/kg 1. alternating ii. Predinisolone - 1-4 mg/kg 1. Alternating e.o.d but efficacy less than dexa 2. More preferred in horses; poorly absorbed in horse in GIT iii. Beclomethasone diprioponate - 2000 ug/500 kg iv: Fluticasone propionate - 3000ug/500 kg
71
tx of heaves: decrease obstruction
Bronchodilators i. Clenbutarol - 0.8-3.2 ug/kg + MC escalator ii. Ipratropium bromide - 0.4-1 ug/kg iii. Albuterol (salbutamol): 1-2 ug/kg Inhaled ● Nebulizers ● Salbutamol + GCC
72
disease that shows Pulmonary capillary membrane is broken due to intense pressure and exercise
Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage
73
grades for EIPH:
g1: flecks or narrow streams g2: long streams < 1/3 circ g3: multiple streams > 1/3 circ g4: multiple streams > 90% tracheal surface
74
gold standard for respiratory: EIPH
endoscopy
75
eiph: Content of exudate missed by endoscope
Bronchial lavage
76
tx for EIPH
Tranexamic acid: 5-25 mg/kg PO 10mg/kg IV if ongoing or more to effect i. Inflamma rxn or disease: NSAIDs or corticosteroids that is injectable ii. + 2 IV lines direct sa jugular for rehydration iii. Cold packs on nose or body iv. Energy supplementation
77
prevention for EIPH
Furosemide: 0.5-1 mg/kg IV , 4hrs pre-exercise i. Prevents EIPH by reducing overall bp in horse ii. Given pre-race iii. Given 3-4 hrs pre-exercise
78
antibiotics for equines
Bacteriostatic "ECSTaTiC for Bacteriostatic" erythromycin (macrolines) clindamycin sulphonamides trimethoprim tetracyclines chloramphenicol Bactericidal "Very Proficient For Complete Cell Murder" Vancomycin Penicillin Fluoroquinolones Cephalosporins Carbapenems Metronidazole
79
most used antibiotics for equines
penicillins
80
backup drug for equines
Ceftiofur - Very strong drug - Allergy test first because some horse can have allergy - Doxycycline - Anaerobic coverage - Broad spectrum - DO NOT GIVE IV - FATAL - Enrofloxacin - Metronidazole - GIT infections - Excellent anaerobic activity - 25 mg/kg q12h PO - Aminoglycosides - Eye drops - Mild topical skin infections - Avoid large does or nephrotoxic
81
Measure how air goes in and out and around the lungs, bronchi, trachea after compressing the area
FOM: forced oscillatory mechanics
82
measure amount of air going in and out
Open Plethysmography
83
getting sample if bacterial or viral (resp dz)
Transtracheal washes
84
2 samples of GPI
empyema (bacteria) and mycosis (fungi)
85
anong muscle and di nnag aabduct properly kaya may ganntong dz
arytenoid mm - LLH
86
slits 1 and 11 oclock
Guttural Pouch Ostia
87
C gitna
pharyngeal recess
88
thickened walls and interstitia in lungs
Lung fibrosis:
89
Check contents of exudate missed by endoscope
Bronchoalveolar lavage
90
Flexed or club footed hors
buckled hoof
91
what is the problem in buckled hoof
ddf
92
Foals with bands over their body
Umbilical hernia
93
Bite onto a surface and wind suck
cribbing
94
Aladdin shoes syndrome
Hoof overgrowth
95
Coffin bone sinking
laminitis
96
Cut DDFT : laminitis
Deep flexor tenotomy

mbtc surg (6 decks)

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