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mbtc surg > Musculo-Skeletal System > Flashcards

Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Predisposing Causes of musculo skeletal sys dz/breeds

A

Professional animal athletes

  1. intensive training
    - Overuse of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints due to training
    - Wear and tear
  2. Joint integrity
    a. Weight bearing - lose weight - feel
    better
    i. overweight
    b. Strength training
    c. General arthritis
  3. Trauma or injury - acutely dangerous
    a. Interferences (limb to limb contact)
    i. brushing
    ii. scalping
    iii. over-reaching or grabbing
    iv. Diagonal
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2
Q

tendons that hold integrity of the limb

A

SDF, DDF, PCR

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3
Q

Distal and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Disease: what bone

A

ringbone

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4
Q

High - PIP (proximal interphalangeal joint)
or ??

A

pastern joint

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5
Q

Low - DIP (distal interphalangeal pastern
joint) or?

A

coffin joint

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6
Q

Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge: what part

A

Pastern front ( high ringbone if forelimb)
Above the coronary band (hind >fore)
- Hindlimb mas common

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7
Q

Causes of Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge

A

Arthritis of the pastern or coffin joints
- Repeated Trauma, high impact, wear and
tear
- Race and high performance horses
(common) more than in riding horses

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8
Q

which breed common ang Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge

A

Race and high performance horses
(common) more than in riding horses

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9
Q

treatment Plan (Acute care) for Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge

A

NSAIDS phenylbut 2.2mg/kg
- Sodium hyaluronate
- PSGAG
- IA corticosteroids (Triamcinolone 3-6 mg)

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10
Q

most common drug for hard bony ridge or soft fluid

A

Phenylbute - Most commonly used and most readily available for horses

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11
Q

what are the injection sites. and positions (intraarticular)

A

*intraarticular injection to the coffin joint)
- patayo
Dorsal parallel approach to the DIP joint (figure 1)
Dorsolateral approach to the PIP joint (figure 2)
Lateral approach to the DIP joint (figure 3)
- nakaflex

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12
Q

which is more mobile joint?

A

coffin

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13
Q

Any disease localized to the MCPJ/MTPJ; acts as suspension

A

METACARPO-(METATARSO) PHALANGEAL JOINT DZ

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14
Q

real and proper term for osselets

A

synovitis and capsulitis

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15
Q

if localized sa Fetlock ang joint dz, called

A

METACARPO-(METATARSO) PHALANGEAL JOINt

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16
Q

specific causes of METACARPO-(METATARSO) PHALANGEAL JOINT dz

A

Articular fractures - proximal P1 proximal
sesamoids or distal MC/MT
- Osteochondrosis

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17
Q

if there is microtearing of joints, there is

A

Osselets

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18
Q

in Osselets; acute vs chronic

A

Acute: painful
Chronic: blemish

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19
Q

if phenylbutazone does not work in joint dz. ano na

A

Hyaluronate sodium sterile injexn 40mg IV q7d x 3 treatments
- Adequan IM PSGAG 500mg IM q4d x 7 tx

IM!

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20
Q

technique in IM injection?

A

pukpok rump

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21
Q

how may ml ang dapat makuha para malaman na may inflammation sa Intraarticular injexn sa fetlock

A

f 5-10 ml normal but have withdrawn 20
ml = inflammation

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22
Q

sx tx for joiont dz

A

Remove the inflamed part
- Joint fragment removed

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23
Q

Osteoarthritis
- Progressive physical and biochemical
damage to articular cartilage and subchondral bone accompanied by non-sseptic inlfamm of the synovial membrane and joint capsule

A

DJD - Degenerative Joint Disease

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24
Q

diagnosed thru ano ang djd

A

xray

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25
Carpals: RIUA - medial to lateral
radial intermediate ulnar accessory
26
DJD is different to arthritis. DJD is OSTEOarthristis
Chronic breakdown in the cartilage - Poor joint health due to constant inflammation
27
lameness* - Rarely acute , chronic usually - Synovial effusion - Bony abnormalities - Repeated probs sa joints
Articular cartilage degeneration
28
causes of Articular cartilage degeneration
Abnormal forces trauma - Poor healing?
29
causes of osteoarthritis or djd
Traumatic arthritis ○ Came from septic arthritis ● Poor nutrition ○ Deficiency in Ca, Vit D, Vit E, Se ● Osteochondritis dissecans - starts thickening as a form of healing response but cartilage breaks off from the joint ● Septic arthritis ○ Starts at infection ○ E.g. puncture to joint by nail that is untreated
30
how to prevent the cycle of osteoarthritis or djd from continuing?
Cut the cycle by giving steroids, etc
31
tx for djd
nsaids - phenyl corticosteroids sodium hyaluronate psgag PT arthroscopic sx glucosamiine + chondroitin
32
Aid the body and the joints to heal itself
glucosamiine + chondroitin
33
what gauge needles when injecting equine joints
G21 or G22
34
what are the sesamoid bones of horses how many
3 sesamoid bones – two proximal and one distal as the navicular bone – in each foot
35
sesamoid bone that is commonly fractured:
Distal sesaomoid bones = navicular bone
36
whart are the fracture types in sesamoid bones
Apex - Apical Midbody - down the middle area laterally on the sesamoid bone Base - Basal Abaxial not as clear cut more lateral because following along an axis of the sesamoid; not so dorsally Axial Comminuted Broken into fragments Vascular supply compromised Condylar fracture sometimes accompanying this; found in cannon bone
37
which breed common sesamoid bone fractures
race horses
38
which limb common sesamoid fractures
Most often sa forelimbs; Forelimbs carry more weight
39
how to repair midbody fracture sesamoid
lag screw
40
what kind of fracture in 2nd or 3rd carpal bone
slab fracture; screw back
41
how to repair Lateral condylar fracture of the cannon bone
lag screw
42
“Bowed tendon” - more commonly called this on horses
TENDONITIS
43
SDFT/DDFT - going out which is mostly affected
SDF
44
Inflammation of the tendon or musculotendinous junction
tendonitis
45
how many % normal elongatiion of SDFT
16% if >20%, severe na
46
causes of tendonitis
Excessive load Blunt or penetrating trauma Sepsis Sometimes Due to poor bandaging → hindi nagsi-circulate properly → infxn → sepsis Encircling bandages Poor bandaging predisposes horses to tendonitis
47
study levels of tendons ultrasound
SDF DDF Check ligament Suspensory ligament Suspensory ligament - deepest on the limb
48
Hindi homogenous yung appearance ; diff echogenecity
tendonitis; darker areas = damage; microbleeding
49
used for tendonitis?
ultrasound
50
used for fractures?
xray
51
used for respiratory
endoscopy
52
used for stones
endoscopy
53
Gold standard for checking upper respiratory issues
endoscopy
54
gold standard for EE, LLH, DDSP
endoscopy
55
tx for tendonitis (best treated early acute stage)
Stall-rest; cold packs & systemic anti-inflammatory agents; Support or immobilization
56
tx for chronic tendonitis
Superficial point firing* Not recommended nowadays since inhumane Or pin firing Tendon splitting Carbon fiber implantation
57
what happens if tendonitis is not treated
laminitis , inflammation will go higher of the affected part
58
Inflammation of DDFT is ___ severe. than. SDF should be avoided ___ than SDFT
more severe
59
Azoturia Tying up Paralytic myoglobinuria Monday morning diseases Exertional myopathy
EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
60
One of the oldest diseases or conditions in the horse
EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
61
EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS predisposed breeds and ages?
Affected all ages/both sexes Fillies at increased risk (young f) Thoroughbred: 2-3 year old female (moost freq affected) 5% of racehorses affected
62
Predisposing causes EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Horses with good BCS but irregular exercise patterns Faulty substrate metabolism Vitamin and mineral def Endocrine abnormalities Electrolyte imbalances sometimes influenza
63
CS for EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
severe form of muscle cramps Shiver on neck part Sweat profusely if severe
64
black urine due to
rhabdo myoglobinuria
65
clinical severity grade of EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
grade 3 starts unable to move/ firm swollen muscles
66
differentials of eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Toxicity - more common abroad Locally: tetanus Horses are very prone to tetanus Prophylaxis: tetanus antitoxin
67
labb aids to diagnosing eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
increased CK and AST = Tie up
68
enzyme test
Decreasing tissue damage = recovery Perform if repeated tying up ast: 0-230 ck: 0-50
69
2 types of chronic tie up
RER: recurrent eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS abnormal use of calcium Stress Spike of CK and AST thoroughbreds > standard and arab PSSM (polysaccharide storage myopathy) Glycigen synthase 1 gene A little more specialized Due to a Mutation in GYS1 gene Dominantly inherited ang gene na ito This gene is responsible sa polysaccharide metabolism/use Some horses walang ganitong gene QH affected mostly
70
Trigger of pssm
Sudden changes in exercise routines
71
tx for eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Limit further muscle damage by cutting the cycle (rest and TLC) Muscle relaxants to prevent anxiety and panic Fluids to maintain kidney function (normosol or lact ringers sol) Prevent build up of myoglobinuria Flunix meg - pinaka common na gamit nila doc sa field Dexa PT
72
difference and comparison of tx plans of RER vs PSSM
study
73
also called as Little Bone or Racehorse Ankle
osselets

mbtc surg (6 decks)

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