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mbtc surg > Musculo-Skeletal System > Flashcards

Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Predisposing Causes of musculo skeletal sys dz/breeds

A

Professional animal athletes

  1. intensive training
    - Overuse of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints due to training
    - Wear and tear
  2. Joint integrity
    a. Weight bearing - lose weight - feel
    better
    i. overweight
    b. Strength training
    c. General arthritis
  3. Trauma or injury - acutely dangerous
    a. Interferences (limb to limb contact)
    i. brushing
    ii. scalping
    iii. over-reaching or grabbing
    iv. Diagonal
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2
Q

tendons that hold integrity of the limb

A

SDF, DDF, PCR

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3
Q

Distal and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Disease: what bone

A

ringbone

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4
Q

High - PIP (proximal interphalangeal joint)
or ??

A

pastern joint

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5
Q

Low - DIP (distal interphalangeal pastern
joint) or?

A

coffin joint

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6
Q

Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge: what part

A

Pastern front ( high ringbone if forelimb)
Above the coronary band (hind >fore)
- Hindlimb mas common

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7
Q

Causes of Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge

A

Arthritis of the pastern or coffin joints
- Repeated Trauma, high impact, wear and
tear
- Race and high performance horses
(common) more than in riding horses

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8
Q

which breed common ang Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge

A

Race and high performance horses
(common) more than in riding horses

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9
Q

treatment Plan (Acute care) for Soft-fluid or hard bony ridge

A

NSAIDS phenylbut 2.2mg/kg
- Sodium hyaluronate
- PSGAG
- IA corticosteroids (Triamcinolone 3-6 mg)

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10
Q

most common drug for hard bony ridge or soft fluid

A

Phenylbute - Most commonly used and most readily available for horses

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11
Q

what are the injection sites. and positions (intraarticular)

A

*intraarticular injection to the coffin joint)
- patayo
Dorsal parallel approach to the DIP joint (figure 1)
Dorsolateral approach to the PIP joint (figure 2)
Lateral approach to the DIP joint (figure 3)
- nakaflex

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12
Q

which is more mobile joint?

A

coffin

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13
Q

Any disease localized to the MCPJ/MTPJ; acts as suspension

A

METACARPO-(METATARSO) PHALANGEAL JOINT DZ

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14
Q

real and proper term for osselets

A

synovitis and capsulitis

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15
Q

if localized sa Fetlock ang joint dz, called

A

METACARPO-(METATARSO) PHALANGEAL JOINt

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16
Q

specific causes of METACARPO-(METATARSO) PHALANGEAL JOINT dz

A

Articular fractures - proximal P1 proximal
sesamoids or distal MC/MT
- Osteochondrosis

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17
Q

if there is microtearing of joints, there is

A

Osselets

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18
Q

in Osselets; acute vs chronic

A

Acute: painful
Chronic: blemish

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19
Q

if phenylbutazone does not work in joint dz. ano na

A

Hyaluronate sodium sterile injexn 40mg IV q7d x 3 treatments
- Adequan IM PSGAG 500mg IM q4d x 7 tx

IM!

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20
Q

technique in IM injection?

A

pukpok rump

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21
Q

how may ml ang dapat makuha para malaman na may inflammation sa Intraarticular injexn sa fetlock

A

f 5-10 ml normal but have withdrawn 20
ml = inflammation

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22
Q

sx tx for joiont dz

A

Remove the inflamed part
- Joint fragment removed

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23
Q

Osteoarthritis
- Progressive physical and biochemical
damage to articular cartilage and subchondral bone accompanied by non-sseptic inlfamm of the synovial membrane and joint capsule

A

DJD - Degenerative Joint Disease

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24
Q

diagnosed thru ano ang djd

A

xray

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25
Q

Carpals: RIUA - medial to lateral

A

radial intermediate ulnar accessory

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26
Q

DJD is different to arthritis. DJD is OSTEOarthristis

A

Chronic breakdown in the cartilage - Poor joint health due to constant
inflammation

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27
Q

lameness*
- Rarely acute , chronic usually
- Synovial effusion
- Bony abnormalities
- Repeated probs sa joints

A

Articular cartilage degeneration

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28
Q

causes of Articular cartilage degeneration

A

Abnormal forces trauma
- Poor healing?

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29
Q

causes of osteoarthritis or djd

A

Traumatic arthritis
○ Came from septic arthritis

● Poor nutrition
○ Deficiency in Ca, Vit D, Vit E, Se

● Osteochondritis dissecans
- starts thickening
as a form of healing response but cartilage
breaks off from the joint

● Septic arthritis
○ Starts at infection
○ E.g. puncture to joint by nail that is
untreated

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30
Q

how to prevent the cycle of osteoarthritis or djd from continuing?

A

Cut the cycle by giving steroids, etc

31
Q

tx for djd

A

nsaids - phenyl
corticosteroids
sodium hyaluronate
psgag

PT
arthroscopic sx
glucosamiine + chondroitin

32
Q

Aid the body and the joints to heal itself

A

glucosamiine + chondroitin

33
Q

what gauge needles when injecting equine joints

A

G21 or G22

34
Q

what are the sesamoid bones of horses
how many

A

3 sesamoid bones – two proximal and one distal as the navicular bone – in each foot

35
Q

sesamoid bone that is commonly fractured:

A

Distal sesaomoid bones = navicular bone

36
Q

whart are the fracture types in sesamoid bones

A

Apex - Apical
Midbody - down the middle area laterally on the sesamoid bone
Base - Basal
Abaxial
not as clear cut
more lateral because following along an axis of the sesamoid; not so dorsally
Axial
Comminuted
Broken into fragments
Vascular supply compromised
Condylar fracture sometimes accompanying this; found in cannon bone

37
Q

which breed common sesamoid bone fractures

A

race horses

38
Q

which limb common sesamoid fractures

A

Most often sa forelimbs;
Forelimbs carry more weight

39
Q

how to repair midbody fracture sesamoid

A

lag screw

40
Q

what kind of fracture in 2nd or 3rd carpal bone

A

slab fracture; screw back

41
Q

how to repair Lateral condylar fracture of the cannon bone

A

lag screw

42
Q

“Bowed tendon” - more commonly called this on horses

A

TENDONITIS

43
Q

SDFT/DDFT - going out
which is mostly affected

A

SDF

44
Q

Inflammation of the tendon or musculotendinous junction

A

tendonitis

45
Q

how many % normal elongatiion of SDFT

A

16%
if >20%, severe na

46
Q

causes of tendonitis

A

Excessive load
Blunt or penetrating trauma
Sepsis
Sometimes Due to poor bandaging → hindi nagsi-circulate properly → infxn → sepsis
Encircling bandages
Poor bandaging predisposes horses to tendonitis

47
Q

study levels of tendons ultrasound

A

SDF
DDF
Check ligament
Suspensory ligament

Suspensory ligament - deepest on the limb

48
Q

Hindi homogenous yung appearance ; diff echogenecity

A

tendonitis; darker areas = damage; microbleeding

49
Q

used for tendonitis?

A

ultrasound

50
Q

used for fractures?

A

xray

51
Q

used for respiratory

A

endoscopy

52
Q

used for stones

A

endoscopy

53
Q

Gold standard for checking upper respiratory issues

A

endoscopy

54
Q

gold standard for EE, LLH, DDSP

A

endoscopy

55
Q

tx for tendonitis (best treated early acute stage)

A

Stall-rest; cold packs & systemic anti-inflammatory agents;
Support or immobilization

56
Q

tx for chronic tendonitis

A

Superficial point firing*
Not recommended nowadays since inhumane
Or pin firing

Tendon splitting
Carbon fiber implantation

57
Q

what happens if tendonitis is not treated

A

laminitis , inflammation will go higher of the affected part

58
Q

Inflammation of DDFT is ___ severe. than. SDF should be avoided ___ than SDFT

A

more severe

59
Q

Azoturia
Tying up
Paralytic myoglobinuria
Monday morning diseases
Exertional myopathy

A

EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

60
Q

One of the oldest diseases or conditions in the horse

A

EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

61
Q

EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS predisposed breeds and ages?

A

Affected all ages/both sexes
Fillies at increased risk (young f)
Thoroughbred: 2-3 year old female (moost freq affected)

5% of racehorses affected

62
Q

Predisposing causes EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

A

Horses with good BCS but irregular exercise patterns
Faulty substrate metabolism
Vitamin and mineral def
Endocrine abnormalities
Electrolyte imbalances

sometimes influenza

63
Q

CS for EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

A

severe form of muscle cramps
Shiver on neck part
Sweat profusely if severe

64
Q

black urine due to

A

rhabdo myoglobinuria

65
Q

clinical severity grade of EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

A

grade 3 starts unable to move/ firm swollen muscles

66
Q

differentials of eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

A

Toxicity - more common abroad
Locally: tetanus

Horses are very prone to tetanus
Prophylaxis: tetanus antitoxin

67
Q

labb aids to diagnosing eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

A

increased CK and AST = Tie up

68
Q

enzyme test

A

Decreasing tissue damage = recovery
Perform if repeated tying up

ast: 0-230
ck: 0-50

69
Q

2 types of chronic tie up

A

RER: recurrent eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS
abnormal use of calcium
Stress
Spike of CK and AST
thoroughbreds > standard and arab

PSSM (polysaccharide storage myopathy)
Glycigen synthase 1 gene
A little more specialized
Due to a Mutation in GYS1 gene
Dominantly inherited ang gene na ito
This gene is responsible sa polysaccharide metabolism/use
Some horses walang ganitong gene

QH affected mostly

70
Q

Trigger of pssm

A

Sudden changes in exercise routines

71
Q

tx for eXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS

A

Limit further muscle damage by cutting the cycle (rest and TLC)
Muscle relaxants to prevent anxiety and panic
Fluids to maintain kidney function (normosol or lact ringers sol)
Prevent build up of myoglobinuria

Flunix meg - pinaka common na gamit nila doc sa field
Dexa

PT

72
Q

difference and comparison of tx plans of RER vs PSSM

A

study

73
Q

also called as Little Bone or Racehorse Ankle

A

osselets

mbtc surg (6 decks)

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