Urinary System Pathology 2

Question 1

List three causes of tubular damage.

Answer 1

Nephrotoxins.
Ischaemia
Infectious agents

Question 2

List four tubular epihtelial cell responses to injury.

Answer 2

Atrophy
Degeneration
Necrosis/apoptosis
Regeneration

Question 3

What is the main functional consequence of acute kidney injury?

Answer 3

Acute decrease in glomerular filtration rate and renal function leading to oliguria or anuria.

Question 4

How does antifreeze cause acute tubular injury or tubular obstruction?

Answer 4

Acute tubular injury caused by nephrotoxic metabolites.
Tubular obstruction caused by oxalate precipitating in the tubules.

Question 5

List three interstitial responses to injury.

Answer 5

Oedema
Inflammation
Fibrosis

Question 6

List three types of disease that may lead to interstitial fibrosis of the kidneys.

Answer 6

Vascular disease.
Tubulointerstitial disease
Glomerular disease

Question 7

Define pyelonephritis.

Answer 7

Inflammation of the renal pelvis (pyelitis) and renal tubules causing tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Question 8

Which species are simple renal cysts most commonly seen?

Answer 8

Pigs and cows

Question 9

Which breeds are polycystic kidney disease most commonly seen in?

Answer 9

Bull terrier
Persian cats

Question 10

Where do ectopic ureters empty into?

Answer 10

Empty into the bladder neck or urethra.

Question 11

List 5 predisposing factors for cystitis

Answer 11

Female
Local infections
Obstructive urinary diseases
Trauma to the bladder urothelium
Diabetes mellitus

Question 12

What is polypoid cystitis?

Answer 12

Polyps of fibrous tissue and chronic inflammatory cells

Question 13

What is follicular cystitis?

Answer 13

Nodular proliferation of lymphoid tissue.

Question 14

How common are metastatic tumours in the kidney comared to primary tumours in dogs and cats?

Answer 14

Dogs - twice as common
Cats - seven times as common

Question 15

What are the main cell types for renal neoplasia and what percentage of primary tumours do they make up?

Answer 15

Epithelial - 70%
Mesenchymal - 25%
Embryonal - 5%

Question 16

Which species are nephroblastomas most common in?

Answer 16

Pigs and chickens

Question 17

What is the most common urinary bladder neoplasia?

Answer 17

Urothelial carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma)

Question 18

Which urinary bladder neoplasia is seen in young dogs?

Answer 18

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 19

Where is a urothelial carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma) usually seen?

Answer 19

At the bladder trigone.

Question 20

What may ulcerative glossitis be due to?

Answer 20

Ammonia production and/or peripheral vasculitis and thrombosis