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Urinary > SA Acute Kidney Injury > Flashcards

SA Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards

1
Q

What is azotemia?

A

Increased urea +/- creatinine in the blood

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2
Q

What is uraemia?

A

The clinical syndrome arising from azotemia

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3
Q

What may a pre-renal azotemia be due to?

A

Reduction in renal blood flow, increased protein catabolism or GI haemorrhage.

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4
Q

How would you diagnose a pre-renal azotemia?

A

Azotemia with concetrated urine. (Kidneys are trying to conserve water)

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5
Q

What is the cause of a renal azotemia?

A

Fewer functional nephrons

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6
Q

How would you diagnose a renal azotemia?

A

Azotemia with dilute urine

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7
Q

What may cause a post-renal azotemia?

A

Urinary tract obstruction
Urinary tract rupture

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8
Q

How would you diagnose a uroabdomen?

A

[creatinine]fluid > [creatinine]serum

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9
Q

What are two clinical signs usually seen with severe AKI?

A

Anuria or oliguria

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10
Q

List four physiologic consequences of AKI

A

Failure of excretion of nitrogenous waste products
Acid-base disturbances
Electrolyte disturbances
Fluid balance disturbances

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11
Q

List three infectious aetiologies of AKI.

A

Leptospirosis
Pyelonephritis
CRGV

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12
Q

Which disease should you rule out in the diagnosis of AKI in dogs?

A

Addison’s disease

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13
Q

List four specific urinalysis findings of AKI

A

Submaximally concentrated urine
Sediment examination - casts/crystals
Cytological examination
Bacterial culture and sensitivity

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14
Q

Where may renal cytology (FNA) be indicated?

A

Where there is a suspected lymphoma.

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15
Q

How should you correct hypovolaemia in dogs or cats?

A

10ml/kg (dog), 5ml/kg (cat) over 10-15 minds

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16
Q

What are the risks with anuria/oliguria?

A

Progressive azotemia, metabolic derangements, life threatening increases in potassium. Volume overload will also worsen the outcome.

17
Q

What is the normal urine output for dogs/cats on fluids?

A

1-2 ml/kg/hr

18
Q

What three things will you seen on an ECG where there is hyperkalaemia?

A

Wide QRS
Flattened P
Spiked T

19
Q

When may you use Ca Gluconate IV?

A

In hyperkaleamia management, not to address the hyperkalaemia but to stabilise the cardiomyocyte membranes.

20
Q

What can you use to manage hyperkalaemia?

A

Glucose +/- exogenous insulin to redistribute the potassium intracellularly.

21
Q

What are the values of normotension in dogs and cats?

A

120-140mmHg

22
Q

What drug should you use for NSAID induced AKI?

A

Misoprostol

23
Q

What drug should you use for AKI caused by pyelonephritis?

A

Antibiotics - clavulanate potentiated amoxicillin

24
Q

What drug should you use for AKI cause by ethylene glycol poisoning?

A

Ethanol

25
Q

How would you manage nausea in AKI?

A

Maropitant
Metoclopramide

26
Q

What are the indications for renal replacement therapy?

A

Persistent anuria
+/- volume overload
+/- unmanageable hyperkalaemia

Urinary (14 decks)

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