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Histology - Junqueira's > Urinary System I > Flashcards

Urinary System I Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the urinary system

A
  • removing of waste products from the bloodstream
  • storage and excretion of urine
  • blood volume regulation
  • regulation of erythrocyte production
  • maintains constant plasma pH by regulating acid-base balance (excrete Hydrogen ions or bicarbonate)
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2
Q

The urinary bladder is an expandable muscular sac that can hold () amount of urine

A

1L (400 - 600 mL)

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3
Q

Hormone produced by the kidney in cases of hypoxia

stimulates production of red blood cells in the red bone marrow

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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4
Q

Kidney Location

A

Retroperitoneal
at the level of T12 to L3

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5
Q

Blood supply to the kidneys

A

25% of total cardiac output

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6
Q

Ultrafiltrate of blood produced by the kidneys

A

Urine

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7
Q

Which kidney is lower?

A

Right kidney

Due to the liver above

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8
Q

Released by the juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) in response to the macula densa sensing change in blood pressure and blood volume

A

Renin

catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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9
Q

A potent vasoconstrictor that also promotes the release of aldosterone (reabsorbs water and sodium)

A

Angiotensin II

Angiotensin I is also a weaker vasoconstrictor

Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the lungs

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10
Q

Concave medial border or deep fissure of the kidney where the renal blood and lymph vessels, ureter, and nerve enter

A

Renal Hilum

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11
Q

Internal space in the kidney that houses the blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, renal pelvis, renal calyces, and fat

A

Renal sinus

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12
Q

Surrounding tissues of the kidney

(From DEEP to SUPERFICIAL)

A

1) fibrous capsule - renal capsule
2) perinephric fat - adipose capsule
3) renal fascia
4) paranephric fat

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13
Q

Fibrous renal capsule tissue composition

A

Dense irregular CT

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14
Q

Functions to cushion and insulate the kidney

A

Perinephric fat or Perirenal fat

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15
Q

Anchors kidney to the posterior wall and the peritoneum

A

Renal fascia

Tissue composition - dense irregular connective tissue

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16
Q

2 distinct layers of the fibrous renal capsule:

A

1) outer layer of fibroblasts and collagen fibers
2) inner layer of myofibroblasts

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17
Q

Cells that resist volume and pressure variation that accompany variation in kidney function

A

myofibroblasts

18
Q

Percentage of blood passing through (1) renal cortex and (2) renal medulla

A

(1) 90% to 95%
(2) 5% to 10%

19
Q

Characterized by renal corpuscles and their associated tubules - convoluted tubules, straight tubules of the nephron, connecting tubules, collecting ducts and the vascular supply

A

Renal Cortex

20
Q

Tissue between the base of the pyrmid and surface of the kidney

show light and dark striations where in the light lines are called medullary rays

A

Cortical lobule or Renal lobule

21
Q

Vertical striations on the cortex that emanate from the medulla

approximately 400 to 500 striations

A

Medullary ray

aggregration of straight tubules and collecting ducts

22
Q

Regions between medullary rays containing renal corpuscle and convoluted tubules (proximal and distal)

A

Cortical Labyrinth

23
Q

Medullary pyramid + associated cortical tissue at its base and sides

A

Renal Lobe

each kidney has 8 - 18 lobes

24
Q

Characterized by straight tubule, collecting ducts, and a special capillary network - vasa recta

A

Medulla

innermost layer consisting of renal pyramids (8-12)

25
Q

Cortical tissue between pyramids

A

Renal columns (of Bertin)

26
Q

The tip or apex of the renal pyramid

A

Renal papilla

27
Q

The funnel shaped origin of ureter; acts as a receptable of the urine formed by the kidney

A

Renal pelvis

Renal papilla > minor calyx > major calyx > renal papilla

28
Q

Structureal and functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

1 million nephrons per kidney

29
Q

Nephron + Collecting duct

A

Urineferous tubule

30
Q

Parts of a Nephron

A
31
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus

32
Q

2 layers of the bowman’s capsule

A

1) parietal layer - simple squamous epithelium
2) visceral layer - podocytes

33
Q

2 poles of the renal capsule

A

1) vascular pole: afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole
2) Urinary pole: renal tubule

34
Q

2 poles of the renal capsule

A

1) vascular pole: afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole
2) Urinary pole: renal tubule

35
Q

Nephron Tubules

Memorize

A
36
Q

Large collecting ducts at the tip of the medullary pyramid

A

Ducts of Bellini

37
Q

Layers of the glomerular wall

A
38
Q

Layers of Glomerular Basement Membrane

A
39
Q

Types of Nephrons

A

CORTICAL NEPHRON
* have peritubular capillaries

JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRON
* have vasa recta

INTERMEDIATE OR MID CORTICAL NEPHRON
* in the mid region of the cortex

40
Q

Responsible for the final concentration of urine

A

Collecting duct

Histology - Junqueira's (7 decks)

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