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Histology - Junqueira's > Esophagus To Stomach > Flashcards

Esophagus To Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

4 layers of the GIT histology (innermost facing lumen to outermost)

A

(1) mucosa
(2) submucosa
(3) tunica muscularis/ muscularis externa
(4) serosa/ adventitia

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2
Q

Submucosa tissue type

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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3
Q

What layer can blood vessels be found?

A

Submucosa - connective tissue layer

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4
Q

2 layers of the tunica muscularis or muscularis externa (inner to outer)

A

(1) circular layer
(2) longitudinal layer

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5
Q

Serosa tissue composition

A
  • serous membrane - simple squamous epithelium
  • mesothelium
  • small amount of underlying CT
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6
Q

3 layers of the mucosa

A

(1) lining epithelium
(2) lamina propria
(3) muscularis mucosa

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7
Q

Lamina propria tissue type

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

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8
Q

Muscularis mucosa composition

A

Smooth muscle

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9
Q

3 Functions of the Epithelial lining

A
  1. Protection
  2. Absorption
  3. Secretion
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10
Q

Esophagus epithelium

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

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11
Q

What structure is found in the submucosa that is not found in the lamina propria

A

Submucosal plexus or Meissner’s plexus

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12
Q

Group of Nerves contained at the muscularis externa - between its 2 layers

A

Myenteric plexus or Auerbach’s plexus

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13
Q

Disease described as the absence of the Myenteric plexus in segments of the alimentary tract

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

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14
Q

Sphincters in the GIT

A
  1. Pharyngoesophageal
  2. Inferior esophageal sphincter - gastro
    esophageal sphincter
  3. Pyloric sphincter
  4. Ileocecal valve
  5. Internal anal sphincter
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15
Q

Serosa vs. Adventitia

A

Organ outside the peritoneal cavity or attached to the abdominal cavity wall it is Adventitia

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16
Q

Length of the esophagus

A

25 cm

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17
Q

Muscularis externa of the esophagus

A

Proximal 3rd: skeletal muscle
Middle 3rd: both
Distal 3rd: smooth

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18
Q

Which part of the esophagus is covered by serosa

A

Distal 1-2cm

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19
Q

Most dilated portion in the GIT where food would stay the longest

A

Stomach

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20
Q

Muscularis externa layers of the stomach

A

Inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal

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21
Q

Maximal sites of acid production in the stomach; max mucous production sites

A

Acid - fundus & body
Mucous - cardia & pylorus

22
Q

Stomach Epithelial lining

A

Simple columnar

23
Q

Gastric gland morphology

A

Simple branched tubular glands

24
Q

Function:
(1) Inner circular layer
(2) Outer longitudinal layer

(3) Muscularis mucosa

A

(1) churning and food mixing - digestion
(2) peristalsis

(3) increase absorption

25
Q

True/False

Esophagus is exposed to friction, and functions for absorption and secretions.

A

False

Esophagus is exposed to friction; NO absorption and excretions - except for mucous secretions to aid in lubrication when swallowing

26
Q

Tissue layer that surrounds organs and functions to protect internal structures

ex. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, mesentery, etc.

A

mesothelium - simple squamous

27
Q

GIT structures covered with adventitia

A
  1. proximal part of the esophagus
  2. 2nd - 4th part of the duodenum
  3. ascending colon
  4. descending colon
28
Q

GIT structures covered with serosa

A
  1. distal 1-2 cm of the esophagus
  2. stomach
  3. 1st part of the duodenum, jejunum, & ileum
  4. transverse colon
29
Q

Cells found in the fundus and body of the stomach

A

*parietal cells
*chief cells

30
Q

Invagination of the lining epithelium towards the submucosa in the stomach

A

Gastric pits/ Foveolae

31
Q

Surface mucous cells contain (1) and secrete (2)

A

(1) mucinogen granules
(2) mucous

32
Q

Area in between the gastric pit and the gastric gland

A

Isthmus

33
Q

Submucosal glands in the stomach

A

Gastric glands

34
Q

Parietal cell location and characteristics

A
  • at neck and base of gastric glands; between mucous neck cells
  • Triangular
  • red color
  • contains cannaliculi (small canals), abundant mitochondria
35
Q

Parietal cell secretion

A

*Hydrochloric acid (HCl) via hydrogen potassium ATPase Pump

*Intrinsic factor

36
Q

Serve as reservoir of plasma membrane with proton pumps (H-K ATPase pump) in parietal cells

A

Tubulovesicular membrane system

37
Q

T/F

Parietal cells have microvilli

A

True

38
Q

Cells present at the base of the gastric glands

A
  1. parietal cells
  2. enterochromaffin like cells
  3. chief cells
  4. D cells
  5. G cells
39
Q

Chief cells (basophilic or acidophilic)

A

Basophilic

40
Q

Present in the submucosa of the esophagus

A

(1) esophageal glands
(2) Meissner’s plexus

41
Q

Gastric pits to Gastric glands parts

A

(1) surface
(2) isthmus
(3) neck
(4) base

42
Q

Cells at the gastric pits

A

Surface mucous cells

43
Q

Simple columnar cells secrete

A

(1) bicarbonate
(2) prostaglandin E2 - enhances bicarbonate

44
Q

Misoprostol drug

A

Prostaglandin drug - enhance bicarbs to treat ulcer and high acidity
Also has receptor for uterine muscle - misused for abortion

45
Q

Cells abundant in the isthmus

A

Stem cells

46
Q

Longitudinal folds of the stomach composed of mucosa and submucosa

A

Rugae

47
Q

Deep pits that open to relatively straight glands - mostly mucous cells

A

pyloric glands

48
Q

Microscopy: what part of the stomach?

Shallow gastric pits, long gastric glands w/ mucous cells - lightly staining

A

Cardia

49
Q

Microscopy: what part of the stomach?

Deep gastric pits, short gastric glands w/ mucous cells - lightly staining

A

Pylorus

50
Q

Microscopy: what part of the stomach?

w/ numerous acidophilic parietal cells

A

Fundus or Body

51
Q

Cells of the Gastric pit - gland and their secretions

A

GASTRIC PIT
(1) surface mucous cells: mucous, bicarbonate, prostaglandin E2

ISTHMUS
(1) stem cells

NECK
(1) parietal cells: HCl and intrinsic factor
(2) mucous neck cells: mucous

BASE
(1) Enterochromaffin-like cells: histamine
(2) chief cells: pepsinogen
(3) G cells: Gastrin
(4) D cells: somatostatin

52
Q

Esophagus Histology Summary

A

Histology - Junqueira's (7 decks)

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