Urinary System - Exam 4

Question 1

system includes what organs

Answer 1

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, genital organs

Question 2

function of kidney

Answer 2

removing waste products from the blood & eliminating them as urine

Question 3

hilium

Answer 3

medial side of each kidney, includes the renal artery, renal vein, lymphatics, nerve supply, & ureter

Question 4

ureter

Answer 4

carries the final urine from the kidney to the bladder

Question 5

bladder

Answer 5

store urine until micturition

Question 6

inner medulla

Answer 6

divided into renal pyramids, terminates in the papilla, renal pelvis space

Question 7

renal pelvis space

Answer 7

continuation of ureter, major & minor calyces, contractile to propel urine to the bladder

Question 8

functions of urinary system

Answer 8

regulation of water & electrolyte balance, body fluid osmolality & [electrolyte], arterial pressure, acid-base balance, RBC production, secretion/metabolism/excretion of hormones, gluconeogenesis

Question 9

regulation of water & electrolyte balance

Answer 9

capacity to alter Na+ excretion in response to changes in [ECF] or [plasma]

Question 10

regulation of arterial pressure: long term

Answer 10

excrete Na & H2O

Question 11

regulation of arterial pressure: short term

Answer 11

secreting hormones (renin) that lead to secretion of vasoactive substances (angiotensin II)

Question 12

regulation of acid-base balance

Answer 12

excrete acids, regulate body fluid buffer stores, eliminate sulfuric acid & phosphoric acid

Question 13

regulation of RBC production

Answer 13

secrete erythropoietin -> stimulates production of RBC by hematopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow (severe kidney leads to anemia)

Question 14

regulation of Vitamin D3 production

Answer 14

produce active form of vitamin D (calcitriol, essential for calcium reabsorption by the GI tract, important role in Ca/P regulation)

Question 15

glucose synthesis

Answer 15

from amino acids and other precursors during prolonged fasting (gluconeogenesis)

Question 16

nephron

Answer 16

functional unit of the kidney, each nephron capable to form urine (don’t regenerate)

Question 17

glomerulus

Answer 17

tuft of glomerular capillaries, large amounts of fluid are filtered from the blood, covered by epithelial cells, encases in Bowman’s capsule

Question 18

tubule

Answer 18

filtered fluid is converted into urine

Question 19

proximal tubule

Answer 19

cortex, from here fluid moves into loop of henle, each loop has a descending & ascending limb

Question 20

ascending limb

Answer 20

returns partway back to cortex, thick, macula densa

Question 21

distal tubule

Answer 21

renal cortex, connecting tubule, cortical collecting tubule & collecting duct, pyramidis

Question 22

cortical nephrons

Answer 22

outer cortex, short loop of henle

Question 23

justaglomerular nephrons

Answer 23

20-30%, deep in contex, long loop of henle, long efferent arterioles extend from the glomeruli down into the outer medulla, divide into vasa recta

Question 24

vasa recta

Answer 24

specialized peritubular capillaries

Question 25

justaglomerular nephrons function

Answer 25

essential role in concentrated urine

Question 26

urine formation results from

Answer 26

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, excretion