Integumentary - Exam 2

Question 1

epidermis characteristics

Answer 1

stratified, keratinized, squamous, avascular, 5 layers

Question 2

epidermis consists of what kinds of cells

Answer 2

keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells, & Merkel cells

Question 3

melanocytes composition & function

Answer 3

pigment: melanin, protects from UV

Question 4

Langerhans cells function

Answer 4

immune response: attracting & phagocytosing microbes, present antigens to T lymphocytes

Question 5

Merkel cells responsible for

Answer 5

sensation of touch

Question 6

stratum basale function

Answer 6

“germinativum”; cells capable of division

Question 7

stratum spinosum function

Answer 7

“prickle cell layer”; strength & flexibility

Question 8

stratum granulosum function

Answer 8

“granular layer”; apoptosis, keratin, Odland’s bodies

Question 9

Odland’s bodies produce

Answer 9

lipid to help cells stick together

Question 10

stratum lucidum function & places found

Answer 10

waterproofing; fingertips, palms, soles

Question 11

stratum corneum goes through

Answer 11

shedding continuously; singly or in clumps (squamae)

Question 12

dermis characteristics

Answer 12

lymph vessels, nerve endings, hair, glands, 2 layers, collagen, elastin, blood vessels, nails

Question 13

dermis function

Answer 13

provide nutrients & physical support to epidermis

Question 14

how is a blister formed

Answer 14

separation of dermis & epidermis, fluid accumulation due to friction

Question 15

reticular layer consists of

Answer 15

collagen & elastic fibers

Question 16

papillary layer consists of

Answer 16

nerves & capillaries

Question 17

collagen function

Answer 17

prevents tearing, thick

Question 18

elastin function

Answer 18

allows elasticity; made of fibroblasts, thin

Question 19

eccrine gland function & places found

Answer 19

thermoregulation through sweat; forehead, palms, soles

Question 20

apocrine gland function & places found

Answer 20

sex hormones during puberty -> viscous sweat that produces odor; groin, areolae, beards

Question 21

sebaceous gland function & places found

Answer 21

secrete sebum to protect hairs from drying; hair follicles, face, neck, back

Question 22

overproduction of sebum creates

Answer 22

comedones (black/whiteheads)

Question 23

ceruminous gland function

Answer 23

produce waxy, lubricating secretion for external ear

Question 24

cerumen function

Answer 24

waterproofing & foreign body protection via sticky barrier working with hairs of ear

Question 25

superficial plexus blood vessels supply

Answer 25

epidermis & dermis

Question 26

deep plexus blood vessels supply

Answer 26

dermis & subcutaneous layer, small tributaries: hair follicles, sweat glands, etc.

Question 27

hair matrix responsible for

Answer 27

growth of existing hairs & new hair production

Question 28

arrector pili function

Answer 28

muscle responsible for goosebumps

Question 29

nail composition & function

Answer 29

sheets of keratin, protect ends of digits & performance of intricate movements

Question 30

sensory functions

Answer 30

cold, head, pain, touch, pressure

Question 31

thermoregulation controlled by

Answer 31

hypothalamus (forebrain)

Question 32

insulation/warming happens by

Answer 32

subcutaneous adipose tissue; vasoconstriction

Question 33

sweating happens by

Answer 33

eccrine glands; cool via evaporation, radiation, conduction, convection

Question 34

protection functions

Answer 34

physical barrier, prevent loss of fluids, prevent colonization of harmful microorganisms

Question 35

Vitamin D synthesis happens by

Answer 35

UV light

Question 36

Vitamin D importance

Answer 36

controls amount of Ca & P absorbed through SI and mobilized from bone

Question 37

Vitamin D deficiency in kids

Answer 37

Ricketts

Question 38

Vitamin D deficiency in adults

Answer 38

osteomalacia