Endocrine - Exam 2

Question 1

endocrine system functions

Answer 1

digestion, reproduction, electrolyte & fluid balance

Question 2

endocrine gland characteristics

Answer 2

ductless, not connected, communicate via hormones or NT

Question 3

classical endocrine glands

Answer 3

hypothalamus, pineal, parathyroid, adrenal glands, ovarians, testicles, pancreas, thyroid, neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis

Question 4

nonclassical endocrine glands

Answer 4

heart, intestines, kidney, placenta, adipose tissue

Question 5

how do neurotransmitters work

Answer 5

by being released by axon terminals of neurons into synaptic junctions to control nerve functions

Question 6

endocrine hormones characteristics

Answer 6

released by glands into blood to target cells at another location

Question 7

neuroendocrine hormones characteristics

Answer 7

released by neurons into blood to target cells at another location

Question 8

paracrine hormones characteristics

Answer 8

released by cells into the ECF to target cells of a different type nearby

Question 9

autocrine hormones characteristics

Answer 9

released by cells into the ECF to target the same cells that produce them

Question 10

protein/peptide hormone characteristics

Answer 10

inside Golgi, packaged into secretory granules, circulate unbound because hydrophilic, bind to receptor in cell membrane

Question 11

amines hormones characteristics

Answer 11

derived from tyrosine, hydrophilic (except thyroid), bind to cell membrane or nuclear receptors

Question 12

steroid hormones characteristics

Answer 12

derived from cholesterol, produced by adrenal cortex, gonads, placenta, transported by proteins, lipophilic, bind to intracellular receptors

Question 13

free/unbound hormones are in what state

Answer 13

active

Question 14

bound hormones are in what state

Answer 14

inactive; serve as reservoirs for things like albumin & globulin

Question 15

target organs

Answer 15

hormone-specific receptors

Question 16

cell surface receptors used by which hormones

Answer 16

peptide/amine hormones

Question 17

3 types of cell surface receptors

Answer 17

G protein coupled ion channel coupled, enzyme coupled

Question 18

intracellular receptors used by which hormones

Answer 18

steroid, thyroid, retinoid, & vitamin D

Question 19

“metabolic” hormone clearance rate

Answer 19

rate of removal of hormone from blood

Question 20

4 ways hormones are removed from blood

Answer 20

destruction by tissues
binding with tissues
excretion by liver into bile
excretion by kidney into urine