Endocrine - Exam 2 Flashcards
endocrine system functions
digestion, reproduction, electrolyte & fluid balance
endocrine gland characteristics
ductless, not connected, communicate via hormones or NT
classical endocrine glands
hypothalamus, pineal, parathyroid, adrenal glands, ovarians, testicles, pancreas, thyroid, neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis
nonclassical endocrine glands
heart, intestines, kidney, placenta, adipose tissue
how do neurotransmitters work
by being released by axon terminals of neurons into synaptic junctions to control nerve functions
endocrine hormones characteristics
released by glands into blood to target cells at another location
neuroendocrine hormones characteristics
released by neurons into blood to target cells at another location
paracrine hormones characteristics
released by cells into the ECF to target cells of a different type nearby
autocrine hormones characteristics
released by cells into the ECF to target the same cells that produce them
protein/peptide hormone characteristics
inside Golgi, packaged into secretory granules, circulate unbound because hydrophilic, bind to receptor in cell membrane
amines hormones characteristics
derived from tyrosine, hydrophilic (except thyroid), bind to cell membrane or nuclear receptors
steroid hormones characteristics
derived from cholesterol, produced by adrenal cortex, gonads, placenta, transported by proteins, lipophilic, bind to intracellular receptors
free/unbound hormones are in what state
active
bound hormones are in what state
inactive; serve as reservoirs for things like albumin & globulin
target organs
hormone-specific receptors
