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Vet Term > Nervous System - Exam 3 > Flashcards

Nervous System - Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system 2 categories of cells

A

neurons “nerve” & neuroglia “glue”

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2
Q

characteristics of nerve cells

A

specialized in informational processing, don’t divide once they reach maturity

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3
Q

7 things that make up a neuron

A

dendrites, cell body/stoma/pericaryon, axon, axon hillock/trigger zone, presynaptic terminal, myelin sheath, node of ranvier

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4
Q

dendrites

A

information receiving area of the cell membrane

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5
Q

cell body, stoma, pericaryon

A

contains organelles

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6
Q

axon

A

information carrying extension of the cell membrane

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7
Q

axon hillock/trigger zone

A

axon origin, originates AP

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8
Q

presynaptic terminal

A

end of axon, transmit information

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9
Q

myelin sheath

A

enhances speed of information transfer

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10
Q

node of ranvier

A

gaps in the insulating myelin sheath

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11
Q

neurons communicate via

A

synapses “connection”

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12
Q

neurons characteristics

A

contact areas with other neurons, muscle fibers, or glands, action potentials travels along the axon, larger axons are myelinated

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13
Q

myelin sheath

A

wrapped around the axon in a spiral fashion, Schwann cells in PNS, oligodendrocytes in the CNS, each myelin generating cell furnishes myelin for only one segment of the axon, electrical insulator, allows saltatory conduction of the impulse (jumps node to node)

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14
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

periodic interruptions in between myelin sheaths

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15
Q

depolarization is much more rapid in what fibers

A

myelinated

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16
Q

conduction velocity in myelinated fibers is proportional to the

A

diameter

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17
Q

3 types of neurons

A

multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

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18
Q

multipolar neurons

A

1 axon, many dendrites, motor neurons, most prevelant, from the brain/spinal cord -> muscle/glands

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19
Q

bipolar neurons

A

1 axon, 1 dendrite, interneurons, neurons within the brain/spinal cord

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20
Q

unipolar neurons

A

single stem process, bifurcates to form 2 processes (peripheral, central), sensory neurons, sensory organs -> brain/spinal cord

21
Q

3 functions of neurons

A

motor/efferent, interneurons/associated neurons, sensory/afferent

22
Q

motor/efferent

A

send information from brain/spinal cord -> muscle/gland

23
Q

interneurons/associated neurons

A

brain/spinal cord -> connecting motor & sensory neurons

24
Q

sensory/afferent

A

send information from receptors towards the brain/spinal cord

25
Q

neuroglia/glial cells

A

smaller than neurons, don’t have axons/dendrites, fill all the spaces in the NS, numerous, capacity to divide, don’t produce action potentials, don’t participate directly in synaptic interactions & electrical signaling

26
Q

CNS glial cells are located

A

microglial, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells

27
Q

PNS glial cells are located

A

schwann cells

28
Q

microglia cells

A

brain immune cells, act as macrophages, phagocytosis to clear debris, release NO to prevent viral replication, protect the brain against injury/infection, important in developing brain, destroying the synapses that are unnecessary

29
Q

astrocytes

A

most common, star shaped, structural/metabolic support

30
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

support to axons of neurons in the CNS, form myelin, brain (white matter), cerebral cortex

31
Q

gray matter refers to areas with high populations of

A

stoma

32
Q

ependymal cells

A

cover the ventricles of the brain, central canal of the CNS, creates CSF

33
Q

schwann cells

A

neurolemmocytes, arranged side by side, myelin, PNS

34
Q

mammalian nervous systems 2 divisions

A

CNS & PNS

35
Q

CNS composed of what 2 things

A

brain & spinal cord, surrounded by bone/ligaments

36
Q

PNS composed of what 2 types of neurons

A

motor (efferent) or sensory (afferent)

37
Q

motor neurons divided into what 2 systems

A

somatic (skeletal) & autonomic (visceral: cardiac/smooth muscle, exocrine glands)

38
Q

autonomic nervous system divided into what 2 systems

A

sympathetic (fight/flight) & parasympathetic (rest/digest)

39
Q

CNS divided into what 7 regions

A

spinal cord, medulla (oblongata), pons, cerebellum, midbrain/mesencephalon, diencephalon, telencephalon/cerebral hemispheres

40
Q

CNS protected by

A

meninges & CSF

41
Q

what 3 protective layers make up CNS

A

pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

42
Q

pia mater

A

innermost

43
Q

arachnoid

A

spiderweb, traps CSF, subarachnoid space

44
Q

dura mater

A

outermost, protects CNS

45
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid, ependymal cell

46
Q

PNS composed of

A

all the neural tissue outside the CNS

47
Q

function of PNS

A

deliver sensory information to the CNS, carries motor commands to peripheral tissues/systems

48
Q

2 nerves within PNS

A

cranial & spinal

49
Q

sensory (afferent) neurons divided into what 2 systems

A

somatic (skin, muscle, retina)

visceral (organs, olfactory, taste buds)

Vet Term (12 decks)

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