Urinary System Dr. Yan

Question 1

What does the urinary system originate from?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

3 kidneys in succession

Answer 2

1. pronephros
2. mesonephros
3. metanephros

Question 3

Pronephros is derived from what region of the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 3

cervical region

Question 4

Is the pronephros functional or nonfunctional? When does it exist?

Answer 4

non-functional; exists only during week 4

Question 5

Mesonephros is derived from what region of the intermediate mesoderm?

Answer 5

thoracolumbar

Question 6

When does the mesonephros appear?

Answer 6

appear at week 4 and disappear by the end of the 2nd month, except for mesonephric duct in males

Question 7

The metanephros is the definitive kidney. When does it appear?

Answer 7

appear at the 5th week

Question 8

At week 4, what do the excretory tubules form?

Answer 8

glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

Question 9

What does the renal corpuscle become?

Answer 9

mesonephric duct

Question 10

By the end of the 2nd month, all structures disappear except for this structure in the male (gone in females)

Answer 10

mesonephric ducts

Question 11

Ureteric bud outgrows from this structure and penetrates metanephric tissue and induces metanephric blastema

Answer 11

mesonephric duct

Question 12

Formed by metanephric mesoderm; induced by ureteric bud

Answer 12

Filtration system

Question 13

Order of events in development of filtration system

Answer 13

Metanephric tissue cap–>renal vesicles–>S-shaped tubule–>capillaries grow into–>glomeruli

Question 14

Cyst formation from collecting tubules; renal failure in infancy or childhood

Answer 14

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Question 15

Cyst formation from all segments of the nephron, no renal failure until adulthood

Answer 15

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 16

Caused by early splitting of the ureteric bud

Answer 16

Duplication of the ureter

Question 17

T/F: duplication of the ureter can be partial or complete.

Answer 17

True.

Question 18

If kidneys fuse they may form this structure

Answer 18

Horseshoe kidney

Question 19

Cloaca divides into urogenital sinus (anterior) and the anal canal (posterior) by this structure.

Answer 19

Urorectal septum

Question 20

The upper portion of the urogenital sinus is the largest and forms this structure

Answer 20

Bladder

Question 21

Pelvic part of the urogenital sinus

Answer 21

prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra

Question 22

Lower phallic part of the urogenital sinus

Answer 22

differs between two sexes

Question 23

At the second month, the urogenital ridge becomes this structure

Answer 23

future gonads

Question 24

What causes the kidneys to move from the pelvic to the upper position?

Answer 24

decreasing body curvature and by the growth of the body in the lumbar and sacral regions

Question 25

The bladder is connected to the umbilicus by the urachus (old allantois. If the allantois persists, this bladder defect occurs

Answer 25

Urachal fistula

Question 26

Ventral body wall defect in which bladder mucosa is exposed

Answer 26

Exstrophy of the bladder

Question 27

A malformation in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis; frequently associated with exstrophy of the bladder.

Answer 27

Epispadias