BRS histology of the kidney

Question 1

Two things that make up the renal corpuscle

Answer 1

1. glomerulus

2. Bowman capsule

Question 2

The structure where blood filtration occurs

Answer 2

Renal corpuscle

Question 3

The layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the outer wall of the Bowman capsule

Answer 3

visceral layer

Question 4

Modified simple squamous epithelium composed of podocytes that lines the inner wall of the Bowman capsule and envelops the glomerular capillaries

Answer 4

Visceral layer

Question 5

Bowman’s space is also known as the

Answer 5

urinary space

Question 6

Narrow chalice-shaped cavity between the visceral and parietal layers into which ultrafiltrate passes

Answer 6

Bowman space

Question 7

The site on the Bowman capsule where the afferent glomerular arteriole enters and the efferent glomerular arteriole leaves the glomerulus.

Answer 7

The vascular pole

Question 8

The site on the Bowman capsule where the capsular space becomes continuous with the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 8

Urinary pole

Question 9

Highly modified epithelial cells that form the visceral layer of Bowman capsule

Answer 9

Podocytes

Question 10

Podocytes possess several _________________ that give rise to many __________________ called ____________.

Answer 10

primary processes; secondary processes; pedicels

Question 11

These embrace the glomerular capillaries and interdigitate with pedicels arising from other primary processes.

Answer 11

Pedicels

Question 12

Elongated spaces between adjacent pedicels, bridged by diaphragms

Answer 12

Filtration slits

Question 13

Tuft of capillaries that extends into the Bowman capsule

Answer 13

Renal glomerulus

Question 14

The basal lamina lies between these two layers

Answer 14

1. endothelial cells of glomerular capillary

2. podocytes

Question 15

Three layers of basal lamina

Answer 15

1. lamina rara externa (adjacent to podocyte epithelium)
2. lamina densa
3. lamina rara interna (adjacent to the capillary endothelium)

Question 16

These are found in the interstitial tissue between glomerular capillaries

Answer 16

mesangial cells

Question 17

These phagocytose large protein molecules and debris which may accumulate during filtration or in certain disease states

Answer 17

mesangial cells

Question 18

This is composed of fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, the basal lamina, and the filtration slits between diaphragms

Answer 18

Renal filtration barrier

Question 19

Filtration barrier prevents passage of these kings of molecules

Answer 19

large and negatively charged proteins

Question 20

What kind of cells line the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 20

Singe layer of irregularly shaped cuboidal cells

Question 21

The cuboidal cells of the proximal convoluted tubule contain this

Answer 21

Microvilli, which form a prominent brush border

Question 22

This part of the nephron resorbs from the glomerular filtrate all of the glucose, AAs, and small proteins, as well as 80% of NaCl and H20

Answer 22

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 23

This part of the loop of Henle also contains cuboidal epithelium and has a prominent brush border.

Answer 23

Thick descending limb

Question 24

This portion of the loop of Henle contains simple squamous epithelium

Answer 24

The thin limb: thin descending, the loop, and the thin ascending

Question 25

This portion of the loop of Henle is lined by cuboidal epithelium. It returns to the renal corpuscle of origin, where it is in close associated with the efferent/afferent arterioles.

Answer 25

Thick ascending limb

Question 26

The thick ascending limb has a modified wall of the tubule, forming this structure

Answer 26

Macula densa

Question 27

The JG apparatus is located at which pole of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 27

Vascular pole

Question 28

Modified smooth muscle cells that secrete renin and are located primarily in the afferent arteriole (some may be present in the efferent arteriole)

Answer 28

JG cells

Question 29

Tall, narrow closely packed epithelial cells of the distal tubule, and may monitor the osmolarity and volume of the fluid in the distal tubule

Answer 29

Macula densa cells

Question 30

These cells lie between the afferent and efferent arterioles

Answer 30

Extraglomerular mesangial cells

Question 31

How does the JG apparatus maintain blood pressure?

Answer 31

1. decrease in extraceullar fluid volume detected by macula densa causes JG cells to release renin
2. renin starts RAAS, and ultimately aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex
3. aldosterone stimulates epithelial cells in the DCT to remove Na+ and Cl- and water follows, which increases the extracellular fluid volume

Question 32

Does the DCT have a brush border?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What primarily occurs in the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 33

resorbtion of Na+ stimulated by aldosterone

transfers K+, NH4, and H+ into the filtrate

Question 34

The collecting tubule contains two types of cells

Answer 34

1. Principal cells (remove Na+ from filtrate and secrete K+ into it)
2. Intercalated cells (remove K+ from the filtrate and secrete H+ into it)