BRS histology of the kidney Flashcards
Two things that make up the renal corpuscle
- glomerulus
2. Bowman capsule
The structure where blood filtration occurs
Renal corpuscle
The layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the outer wall of the Bowman capsule
visceral layer
Modified simple squamous epithelium composed of podocytes that lines the inner wall of the Bowman capsule and envelops the glomerular capillaries
Visceral layer
Bowman’s space is also known as the
urinary space
Narrow chalice-shaped cavity between the visceral and parietal layers into which ultrafiltrate passes
Bowman space
The site on the Bowman capsule where the afferent glomerular arteriole enters and the efferent glomerular arteriole leaves the glomerulus.
The vascular pole
The site on the Bowman capsule where the capsular space becomes continuous with the lumen of the proximal convoluted tubule.
Urinary pole
Highly modified epithelial cells that form the visceral layer of Bowman capsule
Podocytes
Podocytes possess several _________________ that give rise to many __________________ called ____________.
primary processes; secondary processes; pedicels
These embrace the glomerular capillaries and interdigitate with pedicels arising from other primary processes.
Pedicels
Elongated spaces between adjacent pedicels, bridged by diaphragms
Filtration slits
Tuft of capillaries that extends into the Bowman capsule
Renal glomerulus
The basal lamina lies between these two layers
- endothelial cells of glomerular capillary
2. podocytes
Three layers of basal lamina
- lamina rara externa (adjacent to podocyte epithelium)
- lamina densa
- lamina rara interna (adjacent to the capillary endothelium)
These are found in the interstitial tissue between glomerular capillaries
mesangial cells
These phagocytose large protein molecules and debris which may accumulate during filtration or in certain disease states
mesangial cells
This is composed of fenestrated endothelium of glomerular capillaries, the basal lamina, and the filtration slits between diaphragms
Renal filtration barrier
Filtration barrier prevents passage of these kings of molecules
large and negatively charged proteins
What kind of cells line the proximal convoluted tubule?
Singe layer of irregularly shaped cuboidal cells
The cuboidal cells of the proximal convoluted tubule contain this
Microvilli, which form a prominent brush border
This part of the nephron resorbs from the glomerular filtrate all of the glucose, AAs, and small proteins, as well as 80% of NaCl and H20
Proximal convoluted tubule
This part of the loop of Henle also contains cuboidal epithelium and has a prominent brush border.
Thick descending limb
This portion of the loop of Henle contains simple squamous epithelium
The thin limb: thin descending, the loop, and the thin ascending
This portion of the loop of Henle is lined by cuboidal epithelium. It returns to the renal corpuscle of origin, where it is in close associated with the efferent/afferent arterioles.
Thick ascending limb
The thick ascending limb has a modified wall of the tubule, forming this structure
Macula densa
The JG apparatus is located at which pole of the renal corpuscle?
Vascular pole
Modified smooth muscle cells that secrete renin and are located primarily in the afferent arteriole (some may be present in the efferent arteriole)
JG cells
Tall, narrow closely packed epithelial cells of the distal tubule, and may monitor the osmolarity and volume of the fluid in the distal tubule
Macula densa cells
These cells lie between the afferent and efferent arterioles
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
How does the JG apparatus maintain blood pressure?
- decrease in extraceullar fluid volume detected by macula densa causes JG cells to release renin
- renin starts RAAS, and ultimately aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex
- aldosterone stimulates epithelial cells in the DCT to remove Na+ and Cl- and water follows, which increases the extracellular fluid volume
Does the DCT have a brush border?
No
What primarily occurs in the distal convoluted tubule?
resorbtion of Na+ stimulated by aldosterone
transfers K+, NH4, and H+ into the filtrate
The collecting tubule contains two types of cells
- Principal cells (remove Na+ from filtrate and secrete K+ into it)
- Intercalated cells (remove K+ from the filtrate and secrete H+ into it)
