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bio > urinary system ch 42-44 > Flashcards

urinary system ch 42-44 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

signals generated by osmoreceptors in the subfornical organ & hypothalamus stimulate the secretion of:

A

ADH

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2
Q

A ______________________drives the filtration of much of the plasma into the nephron.

A

hydrostatic pressure gradient

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3
Q

kidney stones are called?

A

renal calculi

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4
Q

Which is not one of the processes of urine formation?

A

diffusion

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5
Q

the medial surface of each kidney has a notch called the

A

hilum

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6
Q

more than __ liters of various internal secretions are produced daily

A

8

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7
Q

the functional unit of the kidney is the:

A

nephron

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8
Q

hypovolemia

A

dehydration

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9
Q

which is the most abundant & important positive plasma ion?

A

sodium

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10
Q

which large molecules are retained by the selectively permeable cell membrane?

A

proteins

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11
Q

the calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the ?

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

interstitial fluid contains hardly any ____ anions.

A

protein

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13
Q

the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney are known as:

A

pyramids

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14
Q

which is considered a countercurrent structure?

A

Henle loop

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15
Q

2 factors that determine urine volume are:

A

the glomerular filtration rate
&
the rate of water reabsorption by the renal tubules

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16
Q

functions of the urinary system

A
  1. filtration of blood
  2. removal of waste
  3. regulation of electrolytes
  4. maintenance of pH balance
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17
Q

urinary systems consists of _____, along w nerves & blood vessels.

A

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

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18
Q

the functional unit of the kidney is the…

A

nephron

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19
Q

pathway of urine includes:

A

cortex - filter to form urine
medulla - collect & excrete urine
enters minor calyces
to the major calyces
to the renal pelvis
down the ureter
to the bladder
out the urethra
exits body

20
Q

which side of the liver is lower

A

L liver is lower than the right

21
Q

bean-shaped organ

A

kidneys

22
Q

this originates in the kidney called thy hilum & travels to the bladder about 25 cm long

A

ureter

23
Q

small tube from the bladder & allows urine to be excreted

hint: is 4 cm long in women & 24 cm long in men

A

urethra

24
Q

this is a hollow, muscular organ that can stretch 700-800mL

A

urinary bladder
- as volume increases, stretch receptors triggers a spinal reflex to urinate

25
Q

arterial blood enters via renal ___ & leaves the renal ___

A

artery, vein

26
Q

each nephron receives one ____ arteriole.

A

afferent

27
Q

a tangled ball-shaped capillary network

A

the glomerulus

28
Q

fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries enters the

A

bowman’s space (glomerular capsule), which is the lumen

29
Q

3 main sections of the renal tubule

A

the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT)

the loop of Henle

the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

30
Q

3 basic function performed by nephrons & collecting ducts are:

A

glomerular filtration

tubular reabsorption

tubular secretion

30
Q

whats the portion of the nephron that reabsorbs the most substances ?

A

the loop of Henle

31
Q

pressure forces filtration of wastes in the blood in the glomerulus

A

glomerular filtration

  • if disrupted can either lead to excessive filtration or insufficient filtration (edema)
32
Q

the process of returning important substances from the filtrate back to the body

A

tubular reabsorption

33
Q

the movement of waste materials from the body to the filtrate

A

tubular secretion

34
Q

roles of kidney: (4)

A

fluid balance - regulate BP/Volume

electrolyte balance - manage sodium, potassium, calcium, etc

acid-base balance - maintain blood pH

waste removal - urination, creatinine, & other metabolites

35
Q

RAAS

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

36
Q

analyzation of physical, chemical, & microscopic properties of urine?

A

urinalysis

37
Q

input of water

A

from food
liquids
tissue catabolism

38
Q

output of water

A

lungs (water vapor)
sweating
kidney (urine)
large intestine (feces)

39
Q

sodium & potassium regulation

A

reabsorption & secretion in nephrons

40
Q

water balance:

A

ADH - antidiuretic hormone affects on water reabsorption

41
Q

implications for cellular function:

A

important for nerve/muscle function

42
Q

insufficient body fluid resulting from inadequate intake OR excessive loss

A

dehydration

43
Q

dehydration symptoms

A

simple thirst
poor concentration
cant regulate excess temperature
dizziness & weakness
muscle spasms
kidney failure
concentration of solutes in the extracellular fluid will increase

44
Q
A

bio (12 decks)

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