Cranial Nerves Flashcards
olfactory
sense of smell
optic
vision
oculomotor
eye movement, pupil size
trigeminal
chewing & sensation of head & face
trochlear
eye movement
abducens
abduction of eyes
facial
face movement
vestibulocochlear
balance & hearing
glossopharyngeal
tongue movement, swallowing, BP & respiration reflex control
vagus
sensation of movement of organs supplied
accessory
movement of viscera, voice & shoulder (SCM/Traps)
hypoglossal
tongue movement
gyri from 1 hemisphere to the other - L TO R tract
commissural
impulses to lower parts of the brain - UP/DOWN or IN/OUT tract
projection
gyri in the same hemisphere - FRONT TO BACK
association
where NO NEW action potential can be initiated
absolute refractory period
relative refractory period
stimuli stronger than usual to initiate action potential
threshold membrane for AP
-55mV
mV
milivoltz
resting membrane potential “polarized”
-77mV
hyperpolarized
lower than RMP undergoing -77mV
afferent
sensory nerve to the brain
efferent
motor nerves leaving the brain
emotional brain
limbic system
limbic system
promotes range of feelings; pleasure, pain, affection, fear & anger
anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx
filum terminale
roots of the lower spinal cord
cauda equine “horse tail”
end of spinal cord @ L1-L2
conus medullaris
lobe w coordination, balance, & equilibrium
cerebellum
part of brain w sense of balance, reflexes, breathing, swallowing, digestion, consciousness, temp, alertness
brain stem
lobe w visual perception/interpretation & reading
occipital lobe
lobe w understanding language, musical awareness, memory, hearing, learning, feeling
temporal lobe
speaking, thoughts, personality, motor planning, problem-solving, judgment, emotional traits…
frontal lobe
lobe w senses; touch, taste, smell, academic skills, math calculations, reading writing, visual/spatial perception
parietal lobe
sensory (Wernicke) area
temporal
motor speech (broca) area
frontal
dura mater?
outermost layer
how many pairs or spinal nerves?
31
what is the reflex arc?
neural pathway
which tract carries motor signals
coricopinal
pia mater?
innermost layer
where is the medulla located?
brainstem
brainstem
mid brain
pons
medulla oblongata
what is posterior horn
ascending (sensory) neurons
which tract carries pain signals
spinothalamic
T or F: brain stem regulates breathing?
T - medulla oblongata
what is the anterior horn?
descending (motor) neurons
which part of brain stem controls heart rate
medulla oblongata
decussation of pyramids
L brain controls the R body
R body controls the L body
stroke in r side of brain , pain is felt on L side of arm
5 of 12 CN originate at the medulla
TRUE - CN 8-12
acts like a bridge connecting spinal cord w brain
pons
from pons to the diencephalon
midbrain
Little Brain - 2nd largest part of brain - inferior to cerebrum & posterior to brainstem
cerebellum
diencephalon contains what structues?
thalamic structures
- epithalamus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
the epithalamus consists of?
pineal gland (release melatonin) & habenular nuclei (response to odor)
Hypothalamus function
controls Autonomic nervous system, body temp, regulate hunger/thirst
located ANT to central sulcus - contains primary motor area of cerebral cortex
precentral gyrus
“move to the front of the line”
located POST central sulcus - primary soma sensory area of cerebral cortex
postcentral gyrus
“have some sense & sit in the back seat”
separates partial lobes from occipital lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus
wernicke’s aphasia
speak in a jumbled “word salad” others cant understand
Broca’s aphasia
limited language - single word or short sentences
provides supportive, protective cushion, monitors internal enviornemnt, may clear waste from brain tissue, & meningeal network of glymphatic/lymphatic
cerebrosipinal fluid
what connects brain hemispheres together?
corpus callosum (middle of brain frindge)
how does brain get o2?
blood
which cells for myelin in CNS?
oligodendrocytes
cells that form myelin in PNS?
Schwann Cells
skeletal muscles contraction
somatic effectors
peristalsis is a function of what nerve?
vagus
PNS includes?
only CN, Spinal Nerves, & their branches
contraction of smooth, cardiac muscles or secretions of glands
autonomic reflex
is enteric nervous system part of the ANS?
yes
5 major types of glia
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
schwann cells
cell body also called
perikaryon or soma
site of communication bt 2 neurons
synapse
gap bt the pre and post-synaptic cells
synaptic cleft
the femoral nerve arises from the
lumbar plexus
this plexus is found deep in the neck, formed by ventral rami of the 1st 4 cervical nerves & parts of c5 & includes the phrenic nerve
cervical plexus
brachial plexus is found deep within the
shoulder
which plexus is responsible for innervating muscles of UE?
brachial plexus
