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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

olfactory

A

sense of smell

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2
Q

optic

A

vision

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3
Q

oculomotor

A

eye movement, pupil size

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4
Q

trigeminal

A

chewing & sensation of head & face

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5
Q

trochlear

A

eye movement

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6
Q

abducens

A

abduction of eyes

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7
Q

facial

A

face movement

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8
Q

vestibulocochlear

A

balance & hearing

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9
Q

glossopharyngeal

A

tongue movement, swallowing, BP & respiration reflex control

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10
Q

vagus

A

sensation of movement of organs supplied

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11
Q

accessory

A

movement of viscera, voice & shoulder (SCM/Traps)

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12
Q

hypoglossal

A

tongue movement

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13
Q

gyri from 1 hemisphere to the other - L TO R tract

A

commissural

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14
Q

impulses to lower parts of the brain - UP/DOWN or IN/OUT tract

A

projection

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15
Q

gyri in the same hemisphere - FRONT TO BACK

A

association

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16
Q

where NO NEW action potential can be initiated

A

absolute refractory period

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17
Q

relative refractory period

A

stimuli stronger than usual to initiate action potential

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18
Q

threshold membrane for AP

A

-55mV

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19
Q

mV

A

milivoltz

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20
Q

resting membrane potential “polarized”

A

-77mV

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21
Q

hyperpolarized

A

lower than RMP undergoing -77mV

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22
Q

afferent

A

sensory nerve to the brain

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23
Q

efferent

A

motor nerves leaving the brain

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24
Q

emotional brain

A

limbic system

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25
Q

limbic system

A

promotes range of feelings; pleasure, pain, affection, fear & anger

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26
Q

anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx

A

filum terminale

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27
Q

roots of the lower spinal cord

A

cauda equine “horse tail”

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28
Q

end of spinal cord @ L1-L2

A

conus medullaris

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29
Q

lobe w coordination, balance, & equilibrium

A

cerebellum

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30
Q

part of brain w sense of balance, reflexes, breathing, swallowing, digestion, consciousness, temp, alertness

A

brain stem

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31
Q

lobe w visual perception/interpretation & reading

A

occipital lobe

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32
Q

lobe w understanding language, musical awareness, memory, hearing, learning, feeling

A

temporal lobe

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33
Q

speaking, thoughts, personality, motor planning, problem-solving, judgment, emotional traits…

A

frontal lobe

34
Q

lobe w senses; touch, taste, smell, academic skills, math calculations, reading writing, visual/spatial perception

A

parietal lobe

35
Q

sensory (Wernicke) area

A

temporal

36
Q

motor speech (broca) area

A

frontal

37
Q

dura mater?

A

outermost layer

38
Q

how many pairs or spinal nerves?

A

31

39
Q

what is the reflex arc?

A

neural pathway

40
Q

which tract carries motor signals

A

coricopinal

41
Q

pia mater?

A

innermost layer

42
Q

where is the medulla located?

A

brainstem

43
Q

brainstem

A

mid brain
pons
medulla oblongata

44
Q

what is posterior horn

A

ascending (sensory) neurons

45
Q

which tract carries pain signals

A

spinothalamic

46
Q

T or F: brain stem regulates breathing?

A

T - medulla oblongata

47
Q

what is the anterior horn?

A

descending (motor) neurons

48
Q

which part of brain stem controls heart rate

A

medulla oblongata

49
Q

decussation of pyramids

A

L brain controls the R body
R body controls the L body
stroke in r side of brain , pain is felt on L side of arm

50
Q

5 of 12 CN originate at the medulla

A

TRUE - CN 8-12

51
Q

acts like a bridge connecting spinal cord w brain

A

pons

52
Q

from pons to the diencephalon

A

midbrain

53
Q

Little Brain - 2nd largest part of brain - inferior to cerebrum & posterior to brainstem

A

cerebellum

54
Q

diencephalon contains what structues?

A

thalamic structures
- epithalamus
- thalamus
- hypothalamus

55
Q

the epithalamus consists of?

A

pineal gland (release melatonin) & habenular nuclei (response to odor)

56
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

controls Autonomic nervous system, body temp, regulate hunger/thirst

57
Q

located ANT to central sulcus - contains primary motor area of cerebral cortex

A

precentral gyrus
“move to the front of the line”

58
Q

located POST central sulcus - primary soma sensory area of cerebral cortex

A

postcentral gyrus
“have some sense & sit in the back seat”

59
Q

separates partial lobes from occipital lobe

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

60
Q

wernicke’s aphasia

A

speak in a jumbled “word salad” others cant understand

61
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

limited language - single word or short sentences

62
Q

provides supportive, protective cushion, monitors internal enviornemnt, may clear waste from brain tissue, & meningeal network of glymphatic/lymphatic

A

cerebrosipinal fluid

63
Q

what connects brain hemispheres together?

A

corpus callosum (middle of brain frindge)

64
Q

how does brain get o2?

A

blood

65
Q

which cells for myelin in CNS?

A

oligodendrocytes

66
Q

cells that form myelin in PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

67
Q

skeletal muscles contraction

A

somatic effectors

68
Q

peristalsis is a function of what nerve?

A

vagus

69
Q

PNS includes?

A

only CN, Spinal Nerves, & their branches

70
Q

contraction of smooth, cardiac muscles or secretions of glands

A

autonomic reflex

71
Q

is enteric nervous system part of the ANS?

A

yes

72
Q

5 major types of glia

A

astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
schwann cells

73
Q

cell body also called

A

perikaryon or soma

74
Q

site of communication bt 2 neurons

A

synapse

75
Q

gap bt the pre and post-synaptic cells

A

synaptic cleft

76
Q

the femoral nerve arises from the

A

lumbar plexus

77
Q

this plexus is found deep in the neck, formed by ventral rami of the 1st 4 cervical nerves & parts of c5 & includes the phrenic nerve

A

cervical plexus

78
Q

brachial plexus is found deep within the

A

shoulder

79
Q

which plexus is responsible for innervating muscles of UE?

A

brachial plexus

80
Q
A

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