Kin ch 1 Flashcards
kinesiology
study of movements through the application of anatomy, physiology, physics, & mechanics
biomechanics
study of forces exerted on an object (mechanics) to the study of human movement
or
application of mechanics to human movement
what are 2 components of biomechanics ?
kinematics
kinetics
kinematics
movement of a body w/o considering forces/torques producing that movement.
or
how 2 objects move relative to each other w/o considering the forces that influence movement
examples of kinematics
osteokinematics & arthrokinematics
osteokinematics
movement of bones in space about a joint axis
ex; flexion & extension
kinetics
branch of mechanics describing how forces & torques affect the body.
ex; muscle acting on a bone
arthrokinematics
movement of bone surfaces during joint movement.
ex; roll & glide
anatomical position
standing upright position, eyes level & facing forward, feet parallel & close together, arms at the sides of the body w palms facing forward
“neutral position”
neutral position
limb segment movements (osteokinematics) are defined & limb segment movement is measured
medial
location or position towards the midline
lateral
location or position farther from the midline
mechanics
study of forces exerted on an object
cranial / cephalad
closer to head
caudal / cauda
closer to the feet
described terminology for a quadruped (4-legged animal)
cranial & caudal
bipeds
humans (2 legged)
bilateral
two or both sides
contralateral
opposite side
ipsilateral
same side of the body
thorax
chest - ribs, sternum, & thoracic vertebrae
abdomen
lower trunk - pelvis, internal organs, & lumbar vertebrae
fundamental position
same as anatomical but palms are facing towards the body
this is used to describe the rotation of the upper extremity. used to measure ROM for shoulder & forearm
kinetic chain
series of connected rigid links. movement of 1 affects the others
2 types of kinetic chains
closed chain & open chain
closed kinetic chain
the distal segment is FIXED (stabilization), the proximal segment is free to move
origin moves towards the insertion
open chain
distal segment is free to MOVE, proximal segment is fixed.
insertion moves towards the origin
ex; knee extension while sitting
how is joint movement described by ?
planes & axes
movement occurs within a ___ and about an ___
plane, axis
frontal plane or “coronal plane”
Front/Back
Z/sagittal axis
abd/adduction
radial/ulnar deviation
eversion/inversion
sagittal plane
L/R body segments
X/fontal axis
flexion/extension
horizontal plane or “transverse plane”
top/bottom segments
Y/vertical axis
medial/lateral rotation
supination/pronation
horizontal abd/add
R/L rotation
the thumb `
flexion/extension = frontal plane, sagittal axis
abd.adduction - sagital plane, frontal axis
nonaxial
0 degrees of freedom
joint type; irregular
joint movement; gliding
uniaxial
1 degree of freedom
joint type; pivot, hinge
joint motion; rotation, flex/extend
ex; elbow
biaxial
2 degrees of freedom
joint type; condyloid, saddle
joint motions: flex/extend & abd/add
flex/extend & abd/add w rotation as an accessory
ex; wrist
triaxial
3 degrees of freedom
joint type: ball & socket
joint movements: flex/extend , abd/add , & rotation
ex; shoulder
active ROM
muscles contract to move joints through a ROM
passive ROM
muscles dont contract, external forces move a joint through its ROM
non-moving limb segment can be described as ?
static or stable
a moving limb segment is described as?
dynamic
