Kin ch 1

Question 1

kinesiology

Answer 1

study of movements through the application of anatomy, physiology, physics, & mechanics

Question 2

biomechanics

Answer 2

study of forces exerted on an object (mechanics) to the study of human movement

or

application of mechanics to human movement

Question 3

what are 2 components of biomechanics ?

Answer 3

kinematics
kinetics

Question 4

kinematics

Answer 4

movement of a body w/o considering forces/torques producing that movement.

or

how 2 objects move relative to each other w/o considering the forces that influence movement

Question 5

examples of kinematics

Answer 5

osteokinematics & arthrokinematics

Question 6

osteokinematics

Answer 6

movement of bones in space about a joint axis

ex; flexion & extension

Question 7

kinetics

Answer 7

branch of mechanics describing how forces & torques affect the body.

ex; muscle acting on a bone

Question 8

arthrokinematics

Answer 8

movement of bone surfaces during joint movement.

ex; roll & glide

Question 9

anatomical position

Answer 9

standing upright position, eyes level & facing forward, feet parallel & close together, arms at the sides of the body w palms facing forward

“neutral position”

Question 10

neutral position

Answer 10

limb segment movements (osteokinematics) are defined & limb segment movement is measured

Question 11

medial

Answer 11

location or position towards the midline

Question 12

lateral

Answer 12

location or position farther from the midline

Question 13

mechanics

Answer 13

study of forces exerted on an object

Question 14

cranial / cephalad

Answer 14

closer to head

Question 15

caudal / cauda

Answer 15

closer to the feet

Question 16

described terminology for a quadruped (4-legged animal)

Answer 16

cranial & caudal

Question 17

bipeds

Answer 17

humans (2 legged)

Question 18

bilateral

Answer 18

two or both sides

Question 19

contralateral

Answer 19

opposite side

Question 20

ipsilateral

Answer 20

same side of the body

Question 21

thorax

Answer 21

chest - ribs, sternum, & thoracic vertebrae

Question 22

abdomen

Answer 22

lower trunk - pelvis, internal organs, & lumbar vertebrae

Question 23

fundamental position

Answer 23

same as anatomical but palms are facing towards the body

this is used to describe the rotation of the upper extremity. used to measure ROM for shoulder & forearm

Question 24

kinetic chain

Answer 24

series of connected rigid links. movement of 1 affects the others

Question 25

2 types of kinetic chains

Answer 25

closed chain & open chain

Question 26

closed kinetic chain

Answer 26

the distal segment is FIXED (stabilization), the proximal segment is free to move

origin moves towards the insertion

Question 27

open chain

Answer 27

distal segment is free to MOVE, proximal segment is fixed.

insertion moves towards the origin

ex; knee extension while sitting

Question 28

how is joint movement described by ?

Answer 28

planes & axes

Question 29

movement occurs within a ___ and about an ___

Answer 29

plane, axis

Question 30

frontal plane or “coronal plane”

Answer 30

Front/Back

Z/sagittal axis

abd/adduction
radial/ulnar deviation
eversion/inversion

Question 31

sagittal plane

Answer 31

L/R body segments

X/fontal axis

flexion/extension

Question 32

horizontal plane or “transverse plane”

Answer 32

top/bottom segments

Y/vertical axis

medial/lateral rotation
supination/pronation
horizontal abd/add
R/L rotation

Question 33

the thumb `

Answer 33

flexion/extension = frontal plane, sagittal axis

abd.adduction - sagital plane, frontal axis

Question 34

nonaxial

Answer 34

0 degrees of freedom

joint type; irregular

joint movement; gliding

Question 35

uniaxial

Answer 35

1 degree of freedom

joint type; pivot, hinge

joint motion; rotation, flex/extend

ex; elbow

Question 36

biaxial

Answer 36

2 degrees of freedom

joint type; condyloid, saddle

joint motions: flex/extend & abd/add
flex/extend & abd/add w rotation as an accessory

ex; wrist

Question 37

triaxial

Answer 37

3 degrees of freedom

joint type: ball & socket

joint movements: flex/extend , abd/add , & rotation

ex; shoulder

Question 38

active ROM

Answer 38

muscles contract to move joints through a ROM

Question 39

passive ROM

Answer 39

muscles dont contract, external forces move a joint through its ROM

Question 40

non-moving limb segment can be described as ?

Answer 40

static or stable

Question 41

a moving limb segment is described as?

Answer 41

dynamic