Urinary System

Question 1

What are the main functions of the Urinary System

Answer 1

Eliminates waste products
-Nitrogenous
-Drugs
- Toxins
Regulates aspects of homeostasis
-Water balance -Activation of Vitamin D
-Acid-base balance in blood -Blood pressure
-RBC production -Electrolytes

Question 2

What are the size,shape, and location of the kidneys

Answer 2

Size: 12cm
Shape: Bean shape organ
Location: At level of T12 and L3 vertabrae, retroperitoneally

Question 3

Starting at the aorta, trace the blood flow through the kidney and back to the Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 3

Aorta-renal A.- Segmental A-Interlobar A,- Arcuate A.-Cortical Radiate A-Afferent Arteriole-Glomerular Capillaries-Efferent Arteriole- Peritubular Capillaries-Cortical Radiate V-Arcuate V- Interlobar V- Renal V- IVC

Question 4

What are the two main parts of the nephron

Answer 4

Glomerulus

Renal tubule

Question 5

What are the 4 sections of the renal tubule

Answer 5

Glomerulus (Bowmans) Capsule
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 6

What are the 2 capillary beds associated with the nephron and where are they located in relationship to the Glomerulus

Answer 6

Glomerulus Capillaries: Arise from the Afferent Arteriole

Peritubular Capillaries: Arise from the Efferent Arteriole

Question 7

Where are the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus found and what are the 2 parts

Answer 7

Found near the end of ascending nephron loop passes between and contacts the afferent and efferent arterioles,
Macula Densa
Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 8

Describe what the 3 steps to urine formation are.

Answer 8

• Glomerular Filtration:
• glomerular capillaries filtrate plasma
• water and solutes smaller than proteins are forces through capillary wall
• Tubular Reabsorption:
• water glucose amino acids and needed ions are transported out of the filtrate into the tubule cells and then enter the capillary blood
• Tubular Secretion:
• H-,K+creatine and drugs are removed from the peritubular blood and secreted by the tubule cells into the filtrate

Question 9

What are the nitrogenous waste products found in the urine

Answer 9

• urea: protein breakdown
• uric acid: nucleic acid breakdown
• creatine: associated with creatine metabolism in muscles

Question 10

What are the nitrogenous waste products found in the urine

Answer 10

• urea: protein breakdown
• uric acid: nucleic acid breakdown
• creatine: associated with creatine metabolism in muscles

Question 11

What are some of the substances NOT found in the urine

Answer 11

• Glucose -Blood protiens
• RBC -WBC
• Hemoglobin -Bile

Question 12

What are the 4 layers of the bladder wall

Answer 12

Innermucosa coat
submucosa coat
Muscular coat
-layers of smooth muscle 
-called the Detrusor muscle
Serosa coat

Question 13

What type of cells make up the bladder mucosa and is special about these cells

Answer 13

• Transitional Cells

the thickness of this tissue changes as the bladder expands and contracts

Question 14

Describe the structural and function of Urethral Sphincters

Answer 14

Internal Urethral Sphincter- involuntary and made of smooth muscle
External Urethral Sphincter- voluntary and made of skeletal muscle
Function:
Females is releases urine
Males releases urine and is a passageway for sperm cells